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How to connect to the Internet 1998/12/09 KEIO University, JAPAN Mikiyo Nishida/[email protected] Overview of this section • • • • Internet connectable hardware/OS Why use the UNIX OS? Host connect to the network Server side configuring Internet connectable hardware • Hardwares – – – – – Workstation PC (Personal Computer) Set Top Box Game machine and others PDA Internet connectable OS • UNIX Family – – – – FreeBSD BSD/OS Linux SunOS • Windows Family – Windows 95/98 – Windows NT Why use the UNIX OS? • The Internet was developed on UNIX • UNIX’s TCP/IP stack, and service daemons are more reliable than Windows • but, Windows can connecting network easy ...Generally Front-end : Windows or UNIX Back-end : UNIX Host connect to the network • • • • Configuring Network Interface Configuring Routing Table Configuring Name Resolver Automatic network configuration Configuring Network Interface • Network Interface has global unique IP Address • Host is belong to a network - Network Interface has netmask Setting IP Address and Netmask • Use command “ifconfig” • “ifconfig” command attach/detach/modify NIC’s network information – example: # ifconfig ed0 inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 IP Address and Netmask • IP Address is separated 2 parts – Host Address • Indicate Host ID – Network Address • Indicate Network ID host belong • Netmask indicates Network Address part of IP Address Special IP Address(1) • Private IP Address – Not use for global Internet 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.16.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 • Localhost (indicate MYSELF) 127.0.0.1 Special IP Address(2) • Datalink Broadcast Address – All nodes in the same network segment 255.255.255.255 • Network Address – Host Address part’s all bit are 0 192.168.1.0 / netmask 255.255.255.0 • Network Broadcast Address – Host Address part’s all bit are 1 192.168.1.255 / netmask 255.255.255.0 Configuring Routing Table • For the communication, Host must send packet to router • Routing Table is used where send the packet. Setting Route in Routing table • Command “route” set/unset/change route in routing table – example #route add 192.168.0.0 10.0.0.1 #route add default 192.168.1.2 Routing Table • Routing table has mapped data route (Destination Network - Next Hop Router) • “default route” is route for unknown destination network • Generally, End-node (Host) set “default route” to border router Configuring Name Resolver • TCP/IP Stack must resolve the matching hostname and IP Address • For resolving, TCP/IP stack queries DNS Server Name Resolver Setting • Name Resolving DNS Server is describing “/etc/resolv.conf” • If use statically hostname and IP Address table, describe “/etc/hosts” Example of Name Resolver Setting • /etc/resolv.conf DOMAIN sfc.wide.ad.jp NAMESEREVR 202.217.0.99 SEARCH sfc.wide.ad.jp. wide.ad.jp. • /etc/hosts myhost yourhost 192.168.9.8 10.0.0.1 Automatic Host Configuration • DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – Automatically configure host setting • • • • IP Address Netmask DNS Server Address Default Route Server side configuration • DNS (bind) Entry • Routing Daemon