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Services in UMTS Networks [email protected] Rev PA1 2/25/02 1 Outline • UMTS Architecture Overview • GPRS Mobility and Roaming • GPRS QoS • IP Multimedia Subsystem • Home Network Environment • Open Service Access -- OSA • Relation to ISP structure Rev PA1 2/25/02 2 UMTS Architecture Overview • An implementation of the IMT-2000 requirements – WCDMA radio access – Higher rates and QoS • Major effort: Provide Internet oriented services! – SIP based multimedia support – Open interfaces • Modular approach – Allows for independently evolving network components • Physical entities grouped into Domains • Grouping of protocols offer services in Strata – Provided by one or several domains Rev PA1 2/25/02 3 UMTS Architecture - (Physical) Domains •Subscription Mgmt •Home Services E2E Applications TE •Routes Calls/Data E2E •Local Services Home Network Domain MT Radio Access •Radio Resource Mgmt •Core Network Access •Data transport to remote party •Non-user specific information [Zu] Uu Cu Iu [Yu] Serving Network Domain USIM Domain Mobile Equipment Domain Access Network Domain Core Network Domain Infrastructure Domain User Equipment Domain Rev PA1 Transit Network Domain 2/25/02 4 Network Strata…what’s that? • A (telecom?) way to abstract the notion “networks of networks” • Stratified Reference Model -- SRM 7 Example: 6 5 4 IP Network Stratum n-1 Network Stratum n-2 ATM VP/VC Network Stratum n Network n connectivity Network n-1 connectivity Network n-2 connectivity Link functions Link functions Link functions Infrastructure n Infrastructure n-1 Infrastructure n-2 Network n Network n-1 Network n-2 Rev PA1 2/25/02 SONET/SDH 5 Etc... DWDM Strata -- Functional Aspects of UMTS Stratum: Grouping of protocol layers providing a specific service •Authentication •Mobility Mgmt •Billing/charging •Home specific services “Home Stratum” USIM - HN USIM - MT SN - HN MT - SN •Routing from source to destination •Mobility Mechanisms •Telecom services (local/generic) “Serving Stratum” USIM - MT MT - SN •Transport user/signaling data •ARQ FEC •Data adaptation for network access “Transport Stratum” “Access Stratum” MT - AN USIM Rev PA1 MT/ME AN - SN Access Network Domain 2/25/02 •Access technique specific functions Serving Network Domain 6 Home Network Domain Application Stratum •Applications provided to the end user •Applications may be within or outside the scope of UMTS •PS and CS based applications Application Stratum Application “Serving Stratum” TE - MT MT - SN “Transport Stratum” “Access Stratum” Note! MT - AN TE MT Mobile Equipment Domain Rev PA1 AN - SN Access Network Domain 2/25/02 Serving Network Domain 7 Transit Network Domain Remote Party Packet Switched and Circuit Switched Domains • • • • One PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) is One Mobile Operator Migration from GSM to UMTS crucial Coexistence over long period foreseen Multimode mobile equipment PDN (e.g. IP Network) PS Domain GSM BSS Home Domai n ME Core Network CS Domain PSTN UMTS RNS (UTRAN) Rev PA1 2/25/02 8 GPRS -- Generic Packet Radio Service • • • • • Introduces Packet Switching to Cellular Networks -- the 3GPP way! Concept: Hide cellular specifics from the legacy PS (PDN) domain Migrate from GSM to UMTS access with the same GPRS Core Network Use legacy PDN as infrastructure for the CN Many design decisions made “pre-Internet boom” -- IP not given! Rev PA1 2/25/02 10 GPRS user plane for GSM and UMTS access Application IP IP Relay SNDCP SNDCP GSM LLC GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP LLC Relay RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP MAC MAC Network Service Network Service L2 L2 GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1 Um Gb MS Gn BSS Gi SGSN GGSN Application E.g., IP, PPP E.g., IP, PPP Relay Relay UMTS PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP MAC MAC AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2 L1 ATM ATM L1 L1 Uu MS Rev PA1 Iu-PS UTRAN 2/25/02 L1 Gn 3G-SGSN 11 Gi 3G-GGSN GPRS Mobility HLR/AuC GGSN old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN newSGSN SGSN new new MSC/VLR GTP Tunnels redirect traffic! source sourceSRNC RNC targetSRNC RNC target LA1, LA1,RA1 RA1 LA2, LA2,RA2 RA2 MS MS Rev PA1 2/25/02 12 MS GPRS Roaming: two alternative ways “Home” Service s • ISP Roaming – – – – ISP Visited GGSN the network access Services Internet based Gives more optimal routing No static IP addresses ISP Packet Data Network (IP) Inter-PLMN Backbone Gi Gp Gi • PLMN Roaming – – – – – Home GGSN the network access Operator based services. Collection of charging data in home PLMN Additional screening in Home GGSN Access to all services and networks that are available in the Home network – Needs Inter-PLMN GPRS Backbone Network for GTP tunnels GGSN BG Intra-PLMN Backbone SGSN SGSN PLMN A ME PLMN B Rev PA1 2/25/02 BG 13 GGSN Intra-PLMN Backbone SGSN Local Service s PLMN B Home Service s PLMN Roaming: GPRS Roaming eXchange -- GRX PLMN1 (Home) GGSN BG DNS R GRX PLMN2 (Visited) PLMN3 R R BG DNS Roaming Agreement SLA Roaming Agreement ME PLMN 1 • Provides secure and QoS based (VPN) operator roaming (GTP tunneling) • .gprs root DNS services • BGP-4 routing (PLMN=AS) • Support for peering: p2p Roaming Agreements still needed. BG SLA DNS SLA Roaming Agreement SGSN Rev PA1 SGSN 2/25/02 14 Roaming Brokering PLMN1 (Home) GGSN BG DNS • Centralized handling of roaming relations • Broker acts as full HPLMN and VPLMN w.r.t. contractual relationship. • Peered roaming big hurdle for new operators •Claim: Enables 3G roaming to scale •Claim: Brokering enables fast time-to-market • Example: Comfone/Infonet => [GRX on IPoATM backbone, Roaming Agreement support services, Roaming Brokering] Roaming Agreement SLA R GRX PLMN2 (Visited) R BG DNS ME PLMN 1 BG SLA DNS SLA Roaming Broker Roaming Agreement SGSN Rev PA1 PLMN3 R 2/25/02 Roaming Agreement 15 SGSN Global GRX network • Next level of peering GRX-GRX • Biggest peering point AMS-IX • Now 17 GRXes: Aicent, Belgacom, Cable & Wireless, Carrier1, Comfone/Infonet, Deutsche Telekom, Ebone, Energis, France Telecom, Global Crossing, KPNQwest, Sonera/Equant, Telecom Italia, Telenor, Telia, Operator A Telecommunications Services Inc, WorldCom BG GGSN GRX R R R DNS DNS .gprs GRX R R GRX R Operator C R SGSN SGSN 2/25/02 R BG DNS Rev PA1 DNS SGSN DNS Operator C DNS BG GPRS Peering Network R BG Operator C 16 DNS UMTS QoS Architecture • End-to-End approach External IP QoS (e.g. RSVP/Diffserv) UMTS QoS Rev PA1 2/25/02 17 IP vs. UMTS QoS P-CSCF local SIP proxy UE UTRAN CN EDGE Policy Control Function Ext Netw . Gateway IP BS Manager Transl. Adm./Cap. Control UMTS BS Manager Radio BS Manager UTRA ph. BS M protocol interface Rev PA1 IP BS Manager Adm./Cap. Control RAB Manager Adm./Cap. Control Subsc. rControl UMTS BS Manager Adm./Cap. Transl. Control UMTS BS Manager Radio Iu BS BS Manager Manager Iu BS Manager CN BS Manager CN BS Manager UTRA ph. BS M Iu NS Manager BB NS Manager BB NS Manager Iu NS Manager service primitive interface 2/25/02 18 Ext Service Control • Policy Enforcement Point • Diffserv edge function • RSVP sender/receiver proxy • Mapping between IP and UMTS bearer QoS • UMTS QoS classes – Conversational class – – – Streaming class Interactive class Background IP Multimedia (IM) Domain • Support for real time multimedia services • Combined support from PS and CS bearer services IM Domain PDN (e.g. IP Network) PS Domain GSM BSS Home Domai n ME Core Network CS Domain PSTN UMTS RNS (UTRAN) Rev PA1 2/25/02 19 IP Multimedia Subsystem • SIP based signaling • Separate overlay network for MM support Service Platform External Service Platform Serving CSCF Home Network IM Subsystem Virtual presence of UE in visited network IM subsystem (UE’s IP-address is here) BG Inter-Network IM Backbone BG P-CSCF UE SGSN Visited Network GGSN Internet Gi PDP Context Intranets Rev PA1 2/25/02 20 Visited Network IM Subsystem UMTS Virtual Home Environment • • • Provides portability for the Personal Service Environment Users presented with same personalized features regardless of network and terminal VHE components – – – – *CAMEL: User Profile Generic QoS bearer services Call control (e.g. IMS) Service Toolkits • CAMEL* (IN in GSM) • OSA (API for 3rd party service development) 2/25/02 USER PROFILE USER PROFILE (S) HE Services Supported by Home Network Home NETWORK Privileged access Customized Application for Mobile Network Enhamced Logic Rev PA1 Virtual Home Environment Home Environment 21 HE-SERVICE Accessible through Visited Network Non-HE Services ROAMED NETWORK Limited Access Visited Network Services User Profile(s) • Personalisation data in Network (e.g. HSS) The user profile aspects – – – – – – – Classification (personal and service specific) Location and distribution Mgmt and access Policies Synchronization Value Added Service Provider Security and privacy General User Format Preferences and Personalisation data in Mobile Equipment USER Personalisation data in USIM Contain 1:N Home Environment USER PROFILE Provided and controlled by N:N subscribed services Contain 1:N HE VASP SERVICE Service Profile i.e. specific services preference Rev PA1 2/25/02 22 3G Operator’s “Export Products” • • What have 3G operators to offer Service Providers? 3rd party involvement of Internet based service providers seen as essential for Offered: growth “Basic” Services RAN MS Core Network In return: GPRS Rev PA1 •Large customer base! •IP connectivity •Controlled QoS (MM apps etc.) •User location (geographic, network) •Global Mobility and Roaming •VHE •Security •Application based charging •VPN access Service & Application providers “Internet” •Reach internet content •Shared risks •Faster application development •Reach customers via other ISPs (accesses) 2/25/02 23 How to “export” the “3G functionality package”? • The IN way too expensive... – Compare number of SS7 developers with Java/HTML developers! • IP transport and open interfaces enables – Shared computing platforms for telecom and Internet applications – Shared (IP) infrastructure – Integration of IDCs and telecom hotels (Note! Still Carrier Class performance and availability) – Globally distributed “Home” servers… • => Expected to give fast and cheap development for 3G applications! Rev PA1 2/25/02 24 OSA - Open Service Access Application server Application discovery OSA API Open Service Access Interface class framework User Location Call control Service capability server(s) HLR CSE WGW WPP Servers E.g. Location server MExE server SAT server OSA internal API • Part of the “Virtual Home Environment” • Open, standardized API for 3rd party application developers – Developed in the Parlay group • “Exports” typical Mobile Network Functionality – Call control, UMTS QoS – User location, Terminal capabilities – Content based charging Rev PA1 2/25/02 25 OSA - Open Service Access Applications: •VPN •Conferencing •Location based applications •…. Application server Application discovery OSA API Open Service Access Interface class framework User Location Call control Service capability server(s) HLR CSE WGW WPP Servers Framework mechanisms: E.g. Location server •Authentication OSA internal API MExE server •Discovery of service SAT server capabily features Network Service Capability Features: (Abstractions of network functionality) •Call control •User location •Terminal capabilities •Charging Rev PA1 2/25/02 26 OSA and Server distribution OSA API • • • SCS Actual servers and the SCS may be distributed Optional to run on the same physical server or in one or more separate Implications for application server placement in the network? ‘Gateway’ Non-standardised Interfaces HLR CSE …. Physical entity Functional entity OSA API SCS SCS SCS Non-standardised Interfaces OSA API SCS SCS SCS HLR CSE …. Rev PA1 HLR 2/25/02 ‘Gateway’ 27 CSE …. So does all this fit into an Internet Service Architecture? Cable Modem Premisesbased Access Networ ks Transit Net Premisesbased Core Networks Transit Net WLAN WLAN WLAN Operatorbased Cell Cell Cell H.323 Data Regional Voice Rev PA1 Analog Transit Net Public Peering 2/25/02 PSTN 28 LAN LAN Private Peering Internet Datacenter NAP LAN RAS H.323 Data Voice DSLAM Wireline Regional GPRS operators -- MO needs to adapt to this GPRS operator S PS CN service/content cacheing hosting G FW FW FW data center IX service network e.g., modem pool or CATV backbone provider FW access operator OSA “Exported”? backbone provider service/content backbone provider cacheing hosting IX GPRS operator The NO service/ content service network FW S PS CN Rev PA1 data center GPRS operator FW link FW G S 2/25/02 FW PS CN 31 G BGP-relation Issues • Performance implications on GTP tunneling and IMS backbone VPNs? • Will application developers buy into the OSA idea? • How easy will it be for current SPs to offer applications to mobile customers? – Can OSA be easily distributed? • Alternatives? – Direct Internet access from mobiles… – Service adaptation in overlay networks • Mobile IP? • Specialized Radio QoS overlay support network? Rev PA1 2/25/02 34