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Architectures and Services
for the UMTS IMT-2000 family member
Wei Lin
[email protected]
Mingdi Zhao [email protected]
CSI5171 Network Architectures, Services,
Protocols and Standards
Professor: Dr. Luigi Logrippo
Dept. of Computer Science
3/21/2002
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Contents
 Overview
 Architectures for UMTS system
 Services of UMTS system
 References
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History of Mobile Communications
 First Generation: is Analog Cellular.
the most prominent systems: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). Nordic
Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).
 Second Generation: is Multiple Digital Systems.
which includes Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Digital
AMPS (D-AMPS), Personal Communication Services(PCS), and Japanese
standard Personal Digital Communication (PDC).
 Third generation: extend the services provided by current
second generation systems to offer high data rates services.
such as multimedia telephone, video conference,video games, and provide
universal coverage and enable terminals to be able to move seamlessly
between all networks in anywhere of the world.
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IMT-2000
IMT-2000: a global standard for third generation systems, is
defined by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)
The main objectives for IMT-2000 are:
 high
data rates: 144 Kbps/384 Kbps for high mobility users with
full coverage; 2 Mbps for low mobility users with limited coverage.
 capability for multimedia application and all mobile applications.
 high spectrum efficiency compared to existing systems
 high flexibility to introduce new services
 high degree of commonality of design worldwide
 use of a small pocket terminal with seamless global roaming.
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UMTS system
UMTS: The most important IMT–2000 proposal
 is a 3G GSM successor standard;
 is being developed by 3GPP, a joint venture of several SDOs:
ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), ANSI T-1 (USA), TTA (South
Korea), and CWTS (China);
 incorporates enhanced GSM Phase 2+ CNs with GPRS and
CAMEL.
 In UMTS, a new radio access network UMTS terrestrial radio
access network (UTRAN) is introduced, which will support PS
data and CS data.
 Handover between UMTS and GSM is supported, and
handover between UMTS and other 3G systems will be
supported to achieve true worldwide access.
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UMTS Architectures
Home
Network
Domain
[Zu]
Cu
Uu
Iu
[Yu]
Serving
Network
Domain
USIM
Domain
Mobile
Equipment
Domain
User Equipment
Domain
Access
Network
Domain
Transit
Network
Domain
Core
Network
Domain
Infrastructure
Domain
the basic domains in UMTS (copy from CWTS.org)
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UMTS Architectures (cont.)
Domain split:
 User Equipment Domain: user equipment is a device
allowing a user access to UMTS network services; it has a
radio interface to the infrastructure.
 Infrastructure Domain: the infrastructure consists of
the physical nodes which perform the various functions required
to terminate the radio interface and to support the
telecommunication services requirements of the users.
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User Equipment Domain
The user equipment is further sub-divided into:
 Mobile Equipment Domain (ME)
 Mobile Termination(MT) performs the radio transmission & related functions
 Terminal Equipment(TE) contains the end-to-end application
 User Services Identity Module Domain (USIM)
contains data and procedures which unambiguously and securely identify itself.
MT
USIM
TE
ME
UE
(copy from CWTS.org)
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Infrastructure Domain
The Infrastructure domain is further split into:
 Access Network Domain is the system of base station equipments
(transceivers, controllers, etc...) which manage the resources of the AN
and provides the user with a mechanism to access the CN domain.
 Core Network Domain
consists of the physical entities which provide support for the network
features & telecommunication services.
 the support provided includes functionality such as the management
of user location information, control of network features and services,
the transfer (switching and transmission) mechanisms for signalling
and for user generated information.
 the core network domain may result from evolutions of existing
network infrastructures, e.g., a GSM infrastructure, a N-ISDN
infrastructure, a B-ISDN infrastructure or a PDN infrastructure.

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Access Network
Two different types of access network are used:
 Base Station System (BSS) for GSM: is viewed by the MSC
through a single A-interface as being the entity responsible for communicating
with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarly, in PLMNs supporting GPRS, the
BSS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Gb interface. It offers a TDMA
based technology to access the Mobile Station.
 Radio Network System (RNS) for UMTS: is viewed by the
MSC through a single Iu-interface as being the entity responsible for
communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarly, in PLMNs
supporting GPRS, the RNS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Iu-PS
interface. It offers a W-CDMA based technology to access the Mobile Station.
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Core Network Domain (1)
The core network domain is sub-divided into:
 Serving Network Domain: represents the core network functions that
are local to the user’s access point and thus their location changes when the
user moves. The serving network domain is responsible for routing calls and
transport user data/information from source to destination. It has the ability to
interact with the home domain to cater for user specific data/services and with
the transit domain for non user specific data/services purposes
 Home Network Domain: represents the core network functions that are
conducted at a permanent location regardless of the location of the user’s
access point. The USIM is related by subscription to the home network domain.
The home network domain therefore contains at least permanently user
specific data and is responsible for management of subscription information. It
may also handle home specific services, potentially not offered by the serving
network domain.
 Transit Network Domain: located on the communication path between
the serving network domain and the remote party.
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Core Network Domain (2.1)
In another logical point of view, the CN encompasses:
 Circuit Switched (CS) service domain, earlier named PSTN/ISDN
domain, refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "CS type of connection"
for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A
"CS type of connection" is a connection for which dedicated network
resources are allocated at the connection establishment and released at the
connection release.
The entities specific to the CS domain are: MSC, GMSC.
 Packet Switched (PS) service domain, earlier named IP domain,
refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "PS type of connection" for user
traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A "PS type of
connection" transports the user information using autonomous concatenation
of bits called packets: each packet can be routed independently from the
previous one.
The entities specific to the PS domain are the GPRS specific entities, i.e.
SGSN and GGSN.
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Core Network Domain (2.2)
Common subscription
data base
HLR
PS location
CS location
Two CN service domains
CS service
domain
3G SGSN
3G MSC/VLR
PS service
domain
PS state
CS state
CN
Two Iu signalling connections
(“two RANAP instances”)
UTRAN with
distribution
functionality
UTRAN
AN
One RRC connection
CS state
PS state
UE
the separate CN architecture case (copy from CWTS.org)
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Core Network Domain (2.3)
Common subscription
data base
HLR
PS location
CS location
Two CN service domains
CS service
domain
UMSC
PS service
domain
PS state
CS state
Two Iu signalling connections
“two RANAP instances”
UTRAN
UTRAN with
distribution
functionality
One RRC connection
CS state
PS state
UE
the integrated CN architecture case (copy from CWTS.org)
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Core Network Domain (2.4)
 UE, that is supporting both CS services and PS services, The
two peers of the service state machine are working
independently to each other (synchronization).
 A single RRC connection (between UTRAN and UE) shall carry
all user plane and signalling flows to/from a UE.
 The aim of UTRAN is to offer one unified set of radio bearers
which may be used for burst packet traffic and for traditional
telephony traffic.
 For the mobility functionality, four different area concepts are
used. Location Areas and Routing Areas are used in the Core
Network. UTRAN Registration Areas and Cell Areas are used in
UTRAN. Location Areas are related to CS services. Routing
Areas are related to PS services.
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Core Network Domain (2.5)
 In the separate CN architecture case, the CN consists of both a
CS service domain with evolved MSC/VLR, 3G_MSC/VLR, as
the main serving node and an PS service domain with evolved
SGSN/GGSN, 3G_SGSN and 3G GGSN, as the main serving
nodes.
 In the integrated CN architecture case, the CN consists of both a
CS service domain and an PS service domain with an UMSC as
the main serving node.
 The use of separated PS and CS mobility mechanisms within
the UE and within the CN may lead to non-optimal usage of the
radio resource
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PLMN
 The public land mobile network (PLMN) described in UMTS
Rel. ’99 incorporates three major categories of network elements:
GSM Phase 1/2 core network elements: mobile services switching
center (MSC), visitor location register (VLR), home location register
(HLR), authentication center (AC), and equipment identity register
(EIR)
GSM Phase 2+ enhancements: GPRS (serving GPRS support node
[SGSN] and gateway GPRS support node [GGSN]) and CAMEL
(CAMEL service environment [CSE])
UMTS specific modifications and enhancements, particularly
UTRAN
 may be regarded as an extension of a network (e.g. ISDN)
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Basic configuration of a PLMN (1)
PSTN/ISDN
Gp
PDN
Gi
GMSC
GGSN
AuC
C
PSTN
HLR
PSTN
F
G
VLR
B
Gf
Gs
B
MSC
Gn
Gr
EIR
D
VLR
Gc
H
SGSN
MSC
E
CN
A
Gb
IuPS
IuCS
RNS
BSS
Iur
BSC
RNC
Abis
BTS
RNC
Iubis
BTS
Node B
Node B
cell
Um
Uu
ME
bold lines show interfaces supporting user traffic;
dashed lines show interfaces supporting signalling.
SIM-ME i/f
SIM
or
Cu
USIM
MS
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
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Basic configuration of a PLMN (2)
 The figure presents the basic configuration of a Public Land Mobile Network




(PLMN) supporting GPRS and the interconnection to the PSTN/ISDN and PDN.
The figure shows direct interconnections between the entities. The actual links
may be provided by an underlying network (e.g. SS7 or IP): this needs further
studies.
The most important evolutionary step of GSM toward UMTS is GPRS. GPRS
introduces PS into the GSM CN and allows direct access to packet data
networks (PDNs). GPRS prepares and optimizes the CN for high–data rate PS
transmission, as does UMTS with UTRAN over the RAN.
Two functional units extend the GSM NSS architecture for GPRS PS services:
the GGSN and the SGSN. The GGSN has functions comparable to a gateway
MSC (GMSC). The SGSN resides at the same hierarchical level as a visitedMSC /VLR and therefore performs comparable functions such as routing and
mobility management.
The MSC provides functions such as switching, signaling, paging, and inter–
MSC handover.
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Basic configuration of a PLMN (3)
 Existing network elements, such as MSC, and HLR, can be extended to
adopt the UMTS requirements.
 But RNC, Node B, and the handsets must be completely new designs:
RNC will become the replacement for BSC, and Node B fulfills nearly
the same functionality as BTS.
 GSM and GPRS networks will be extended, and new services will be
integrated into an overall network. UMTS defines four new interfaces:





3/21/2002
Uu: UE to Node B, the UMTS W–CDMA air interface
Iu: RNC to GSM Phase 2+ CN interface (MSC/VLR or SGSN)
 Iu-CS for circuit-switched data
 Iu-PS for packet-switched data
Iub: RNC to Node B interface
Iur: RNC to RNC interface, not comparable to any interface in GSM
The Iu, Iub, and Iur interfaces are based on ATM transmission principles.
20
Basic configuration of a PLMN (4)
(copy from iec.org)
3/21/2002
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Basic Configuration with GLR (1)
 The Gateway Location Register (GLR) handles location management of
roaming subscriber in visited network without involving HLR.
 The benefit of the GLR is the reduction in signalling traffic between networks.
 This entity can be only located in a visited PLMN.
SGSN
GLk
GLc
GLe
IM-GSN
GLj
VLRb/MS
C
GLh
GLb
GLR
GLd
PLMN Network B
IM-MSC
GLg
GLa
GLi
GLf
GGSN
HLRa
SMS-GMSC
GMLC
PLMN Network A
Signalling interface
User traffic interface. User traffic includes Short Message.
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
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Basic Configuration with GLR (2)
 In above figure, the GLR interacts with HLRa and VLRb for roamers on
Network B. The GLR is part of the roaming subscriber's Home Environment.
 When a subscriber to HLRa is roaming on Network B the GLR plays the role
of an HLR towards VLRb and the role of a VLR towards HLRa. The GLR
handles any location change between different VLR service areas in the
visited network without involving HLRa.
 The sequence of events when the subscriber roams to network B is:
 VLRb sends the registration message to HLRa via the GLR, (i.e. HLRa
stores the GLR's SCCP address and the GLR stores VLRb's SCCP
address);
 HLRa returns the subscriber profile data;
 the subscriber profile is stored in the GLR and VLRb.
 As the roaming subscriber moves between VLRs in network B, then the GLR
is updated, but no message is sent to HLRa, therefore the number of
messages between Network A and Network B is reduced.
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Service Aspects of IMT2000
 Services structure in PLMNs
 Services principles for PLMNs
 Categories of services
 Supplementary services (11)
 Line
identification
 Advice of Charging
 Other services
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The Service Structure in PLMNs
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
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Service principles for PLMNs
 to provide a single integrated system in which
the user can access services in an easy to use
and uniform way in all environments.
 to provide a wide range of telecommunications
services.
 to provide support of roaming users by enabling
users to access services provided by their home
environment in the same way even when
roaming.
 to provide audio, data, video and particularly
multimedia services;
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Categories of telecommunication services
BEARER SERVICE
TELESERVICE
Basic Bearer Service
Basic Teleservice
Basic Bearer service
Basic Teleservice +
+supplementary services
supplementary service
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Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (1)
 Line identification Supplementary Services




3/21/2002
CLIP --- Calling line identification presentation.
CLIR --- Calling line identification restriction.
COLP --- Connected line identification presentation.
COLR --- Connected line identification restriction.
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CLIP Process (1)
Idle
Initial handling of
CLIP
Yes
CLIP
Provisioned
no
set provision
Indication =not provisioned
set provision
Indication=provisioned
Called subscriber in
HPLMN country
no
yes
Override category
no
yes
set override
Category=yes
set override
Category=No
Continue call
handling
CLIP—Calling line Identification Presentation
idle
Determination of calling line identification presentation subscription(VLR)
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
29
CLIP Process (2)
no
CLIP
provisioned
yes
no
CLI
available
Idle
yes
Initiate handling
Of CLIP
yes
CLI
received from
VLR
Use CLI
received
from VLR
no
use CLI
received from
signaling
PI = presentation restricted?
Yes
no
Cause of
no CLI
override
category
yes
Additional CLI
available
No
no
no
Additional CLI
available
yes
yes
PI = presentation
restricted by
network?
Yes
override
category
CLI
in case of
override category
No
CLI
Yes
set PI =
Presentation restricted
Additional
CLI
Pass
Additional CLI
pass CLI
Set PI =
number not available
pass CLI
pass
Additional CLI
set PI =
number not available
Continue Call
handling
idle
CLIP: Calling Line Identification Presentation.
CLI: Calling Line Identity.
PI: Presentation Indicator.
Determination of the information for offering to the called party (destination MSC)
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
30
CLIR Process (1)
idle
Initiate handling
Of CLIR
no
CLIR provisioned
yes
set provision
indication =
not provisioned
set provision
Indication=provisioned
subscription
option = permanent
yes
no
temporary
mode default =present restricted
no
yes
mode indication =
temporary
(pres. restricted)
mode indication =
temporary
(pres. allowed)
set mode
indication =
permanent
continue
Call handling
CLIR: Calling Line Identification Restriction
idle
Determination of calling line identification restriction subscription (VLR)
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
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CLIR Process (2)
idle
Initiate handling
Of CLIR
no
yes
CLIR
provisioned
yes
restrict
CLI note2
no
permanent
no
yes
yes
temporary
mode default =
pres. restricted
present
CLI note1
no
Clear call
no
yes
Error notification
no
present
CLI note 1
yes
no
restrict
CLI note 2
yes
Set PI=
Presentation allowed
set PI =
presentation restricted
Continue call
handling
idle
Set PI=
Presentation allowed
Set PI=
Presentation restricted
note 1: present CLI is input received from the MS
note 2: restrict CLI is input received from the MS
CLIR: Calling Line Identification Restriction
CLI: Calling Line Identity
PI: Presentation Indicator
Determination of the presentation indicator (originating MSC)
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
32
COLP Process
idle
Initiate handling
Of COLP
COLP
provisioned
no
yes
COL available
no
yes
yes
Override category
Presentation restricted
yes
no
additional
COL available
no
Additional
COL available
no
yes
no
yes
COL
in case of
override category
Additional COL
Pass additional COL
COL
pass COL
Continue COL
handling
Pass additional COL
set PI =
Number not available
COLP: Connected Line Identification Presentation.
COL: Connected Line Identity.
PI:
Presentation Indicator.
idle
Determination of the information for offering to the connected party (originating MSC)
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
33
COLR Process
idle
initiate
handling
of COLR
COLR
provisioned
no
yes
set PI =
presentation
restricted
continue
call
handling
set PI =
presentation
allowed
COLR: Connected Line Identification Restriction.
PI:
Presentation Indicator.
idle
Determination of the presentation indicator
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
34
Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (2)
 Call Forwarding (CF) supplementary services
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
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Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (3-10)
3. Follow Me service
4. Call Waiting (CW) and Call Holding (HOLD) Supplementary
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Services
MultiParty (MPTY) Supplementary Services
Closed User Group (CUG) Supplementary Services
User-to-User Signalling (UUS)
Call Barring (CB) Supplementary Services
Explicit Call Transfer (ECT)--Supplementary Service
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)
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Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (11)

Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (information)
call in progress or
Call set up in progress
request
generation
of CAI
Request of generation of CAI
applies to AoC initiation or
charge modification.
generate
CAI
send CAI
continue call
Or call set up
CAI: Charge Advice Information
SDL diagram of advice of charge (information) in the MSC
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
37
Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (11)
 Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (information)
call set up
In progress
charging
information
AoC
active
call
ends
Start charge
calculations
AoC
acknowledge
AoC
active
charging
information
AoC
acknowledge
Stop charge
calculations
Amend charging
calculation
clear call
Point at which charging
calculations are amended
can occur before or after
sending the AoC acknowledge.
AoC
active
SDL diagram of advice of charge (information) in the Mobile Equipment
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
38
Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (11)
 Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (charging)
call in progress or
Call set up in progress
request
generation
of CAI
generate
CAI
send CAI
wait for AoC
acknowledge
Request of generation of CAI
applies to AoC initiation or
charge modification.
AoC
acknowledge
Timer T(AoC)
expired
stop timer
T(Aoc)
Clear call
call in
progress
idle
Call
cleared
stop timer
T(AoC)
start timer
T(AoC)
CAI: Charge Advice Information
wait for AoC
acknowledge
SDL diagram of advice of charge (charging) in the Mobile Equipment
3/21/2002
(copy from CWTS.org)
39
Supplementary services Supported by
PLMNs (11)
Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (chageing)
•This service provides the means by which the MS may indicate the
charge that will be made for the use of telecommunication services. It is
intended for applications where the user is generally not the subscriber
but is known to the subscriber, and where the user pays the subscriber,
rather than the Service Provider.
•When required to indicate the total accumulated charge, the MS shall
be able to display, and the SIM/USIM shall store in the ACM, the
running cumulative unit charge. This value must be stored securely,
and all reasonable steps shall be taken to ensure that the written value
cannot be interrupted, reset or corrupted (except resetting under
control of the unblocking key).
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Other services supported by PLMNs(1)
 International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)
 Personalization of Mobile Equipment (ME)
 Man-Machine Interface (MMI) of the User Equipment (UE)
 High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)
 USIM/SIM Application Toolkit (USAT/SAT)
 Operator Determined Barring (ODB)
 Network Identity and Time zone (NITZ)
 Support of Localised Service Area (SoLSA)
 Mobile Station Application Execution Environment (MExE)
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Other services supported by PLMNs(2)
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
 Support of Mobile Number Portability (MNP)
 enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service






(eMLPP)
Location Services (LCS)
Call Deflection (CD)
Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced
Logic(CAMEL)
Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber (CCBS)
Multiple Subscriber Profile (MSP)
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
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References
 http://www.cwts.org/cwts/itu.htm
 http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/umts/index.html
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