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Chapter 3
NETWORK
CONNECTION
HARDWARE
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER

Provides the link between a computer and the
network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link
and physical layer functions

Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB)
port on a computer

Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS
 Network interface adapters perform the following
functions during data transmission:
 Data transfer, buffering, and encapsulation
 Media Access Control (MAC)
 Parallel/ serial conversion
 Signal encoding and amplification
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
HALF-DUPLEX AND FULL-DUPLEX MODES
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INSTALLING A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER
IN A COMPUTER
To install a network interface adapter:
1. Physically insert the network interface adapter
card into the slot.
2. Configure the card to use the appropriate hardware
resources.
3. Install the card’s device driver.
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER IN A
COMPUTER
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NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER DEVICE
DRIVERS
 Network interfaces require a device driver to provide
the link between the computer and the interface.
 Operating systems ship with device drivers for
common interfaces.
 Operating systems that support PnP detect and
configure the interface automatically.
 You can get drivers from the manufacturer’s Web
site.
 The driver configuration must match the interface’s
resource settings.
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
TROUBLESHOOTING A NETWORK INTERFACE
ADAPTER
 To troubleshoot the suspect network interface
adapter, open the computer case and do the
following:
 Verify that the interface is seated properly in the bus
slot.
 Remove the card, clean the slot, and then reseat the
card in the same slot or try another slot.
 Test a different interface (known to be functional) in
the same slot and in a different slot
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HUBS, REPEATERS, AND CONCENTRATORS
 Hubs, repeaters, and concentrators are all physical
layer devices that
 Amplify and repeat signals
 Extend the distance of a network
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
AN ETHERNET REPEATER
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10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS
 10Base-T and 100Base-TX/100Base-T4 standards define
Ethernet networks that function at 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps,
using baseband signaling over twisted-pair wire.
 10Base-T
 Maximum distance limitation for each connection: 100 meters,
including workstation-to-hub and hub-to-hub connections
 Can have up to four hubs connected to form a hierarchical star
 Includes an internal crossover circuit
 Uses an uplink port to form a hierarchical star
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10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS (CONT.)
 100Base-TX and 100Base-T4
 There are two types of hubs: Class I and Class II.
 The maximum distance for each node connection is
100 meters.
 Class II hub-to-hub connections can be no more than
5 meters long.
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
HUB CONNECTIONS
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
10BASE-T HUB
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ROUTERS
Routers are network layer devices that connect LANs.
 Connect similar or different data-link layer LANs
 Must understand and support the network layer protocol and
addressing
 Perform fragmentation
 Strip the data-link header and footer off received frames
 Add a new data-link header and footer before transmitting
frames
 Use routing protocols to build routing tables and forward
frames
 Define separate broadcast domains
Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
A SIMPLE ROUTED NETWORK
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
A ROUTED INTERNETWORK
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Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE
GATEWAYS
 Can include the functions of all seven layers of the
OSI model
 Connect dissimilar systems and protocols
 Perform translation and conversion services
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SUMMARY
 Network interface adapters provide the physical link
between computers and the network.
 Hubs are physical layer devices that amplify and
repeat signals out all ports except the one they were
received through.
 Routers are network layer devices that forward
datagrams between LANs.
 Gateways translate and convert protocols between
dissimilar systems.