Download Emerging Wireless Internet Standards

Emerging Wireless Internet
Standards
Russ Housley
Founder of Vigil Security, LLC
IETF Chair
Wireless@VT
1 June 2011
Internet Engineering Task Force
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“We make the net work”
The mission of the IETF is to produce high
quality, relevant technical and engineering
documents that influence the way people
design, use, and manage the Internet in such
a way as to make the Internet work better.
These documents include protocol standards,
best current practices, and informational
documents of various kinds. [RFC 3935]
IETF Open Standards
While the mission of the IETF is to make the
Internet work better, no one is “in charge” of
the Internet. Instead, many people cooperate
to make it work. Each person brings a unique
perspective of the Internet, and this diversity
sometimes makes it difficult to reach
consensus. Yet, when consensus is achieved,
the outcome is better, clearer, and more
strongly supported than the initial position of
any participant.
Making the Internet Better
Challenges from wireless devices
Scalability – allow the Internet to support
every person and device on the planet
Mobility – keep your connection and
applications wherever you go and while you are
going
Scalability
Internet of Things:
Trillions of Nodes
Internet Fringe:
Billions of Nodes
Internet Core:
Millions of Nodes
Growth from:
• Phones
• Logistics
• Transportation
• Smart Metering
• Personal Sensors
• Building Automation
• Industrial Automation
Internet of Things: IETF Scope
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General-purpose technology (IPv6)
Suitable routing mechanisms
“IP over X” specifications
Transport protocols and middleware
Operational considerations
Not in IETF scope due to lack of expertise:
 Link layers, specific applications, specific
network architectures, policy issues, …
Constrained Nodes in the
Internet of Things
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Node: CPU with a few MHz, ~10 KB RAM,
~100 KB Flash/ROM
Network: ~100 Kbit/s, high loss, high link
variability, very limited packet size
Often battery operated, so must sleep a lot
(mW • (1.0–(99.9 %)) = μW)
Example: CC2420
Sleep: 20 μA Idle: 426 μA
Receive: 18.8 mA Transmit: 8.5 – 17.7 mA
IETF Working Groups (1 of 2)
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6LoWPAN: IPv6 (L2 / L3 interface) for low
power, low data rate radio communication
(already defined IP over IEEE 802.15.4)
MANET and ROLL: IPv6 routing solutions for
ad hoc networks and low power and lossy
networks (LLNs), respectively
CoRE: COAP, a light weight UDP-based
protocol for sensor networks
IETF Working Groups (2 of 2)
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EMAN: energy measurement and
management framework and MIBs
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LWIG: Light-weight implementation guidance
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Not a profile or a new protocol
Explains what μIP and other small implementations
can do to ensure small footprint
RFC 4944: IPv6 over IEEE
802.15.4
RFC 4944 provides a number of functions
beyond the L2 / L3 interface to enable mapping
from the IPv6 to IEEE802.15.4:
 Adapting packet sizes
 Header compression
 Neighbor discovery
 Power conservation
 Routing topologies for mesh of devices
Routing Protocol for Low Power
and Lossy Networks (RPL)
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A distance vector routing protocol
Builds Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)
Optimized for low-energy networks
Allows building routed
borde
networks of “things”
r
router
Constrained Application
Protocol (CoAP)
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Light-weight, HTTP-like protocol
Runs on UDP and supports multicast
HTTP-COAP mapping
12
Mobility
Mobile Devices
 More and more capabilities: voice, video, email,
instant messaging, web browsing, geo-location
Mobile Networks
 Ships, trains, and planes (and soon automobiles)
 Critical system using Internet protocols
 Connect passenger’s mobile and portable
devices
Internet Mobility
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Early IETF mobility work was largely done by
researchers, seeing relatively little deployment
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3GPP2 and CDMA networks used Mobile IP
Today’s cellular networks use many IETF
standards
Some new capabilities coming, but not too many
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Multiple Interfaces (MIF) with Multipath TCP
(MPTCP) is an example
Avoid specialized protocols in different places
Goal: one interoperable mobile Internet
Many Pieces Working Together
Internet
Access
Network
Access
Router
Access
Point
Movement
Access
Router
Access
Point
Layer 2
Mobility
(Not IETF)
Access
Network
Access
Router
Access
Point
Local
Mobility
(NETLMM)
Access
Point
Global
Mobility
(MIP)
IETF Working Groups
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MIP4, MIP6, and NETLMM: Mobile IP
MIPSHOP: Performance, signaling and
handoff optimization for Mobile IP
MIF: multiple simultaneous network
attachments
HIP: a method of separating the end-point
identifier and locator roles of IP addresses
MPTCP: Multipath TCP uses multiple
paths during a regular TCP session
Mobile IP
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Mobile IPv4 is specified in RFC 3344
Mobile IPv6 is specified in RFC 3775 and
RFC 3776
Mobility allows a node to continue using its
“permanent” home address as it moves
around the Internet, including maintenance of
active TCP connections and UDP port
bindings
Multiple Interfaces
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A host with multiple interfaces must select:
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default router
address
DNS server
interface for packet transmission
Some configuration objects are:
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global to the node
local to the interface
related to a particular prefix
Multipath TCP
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Complements MIF – preparing for mobile end
hosts with multiple radios
Allow devices to shift between links
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Pick to most energy efficient network connection
to increase battery life
Pick “cheaper” access
Avoid outages or congestion
Might also pool bandwidth from multiple paths
MIF & MPTCP Example
(1)
Movement
Mobile
Node
Server
MIF & MPTCP Example
(2)
Movement
Mobile
Node
Server
MIF & MPTCP Example
(3)
Movement
Server
Mobile
Node
And Maybe …
Movement
Server
Mobile
Node
Invitation to Participate
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IETF uses an open standards process
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Everyone is invited to participate
Even if unable to attend the face-to-face
meetings, join mail list discussions
One Internet
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Open standards for a global Internet
Maximum interoperability
Add capabilities for mobile devices
Avoid specialized protocols in different places
Thank You
Russ Housley
Phone: +1 703 435 1775
Email: [email protected]