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Transcript
The Early Empire Chapter 9-4 Augustus • Pax Romana – a long era of peace in Rome which started with emperor Augustus (Octavian) Augustus • Built army of about 150,000 • Created the Praetorian Guard, 9,000 men who guarded the emperor • Added northern Europe to the empire • Rebuilt Rome in marble (buildings, statues, palaces, fountains, etc.) • Reformed the tax system • Reformed the legal system Trevi Fountain Tower of Hercules In Spain Augustus • The next rulers – Tiberius – good emperor – Caligula – mentally ill, cruel – Claudius – good emperor – Nero - cruel The Remorse of Nero after the Murder of his Mother Waterhouse, 1878 Caligula • Caligula Depositing the Ashes of his Mother and Brother in the Tomb of his Ancestors, by Eustache Le Sueur, 1647 Unity and Prosperity • Vespasian – ruled a few years after Nero – Restored peace and order – Calmed Jewish rebellion in Palestine – Constructed the amphitheater the Colosseum Unity and Prosperity • A few more good emperors – Nerva – Trajan – Hadrian – Antonius Pius – Marcus Aurelius • Agriculture and trade flourished Unity and Prosperity • The five good emperors – Programs to help ordinary people – Gave money to poor for education – Made law easier to understand – Passed laws to help orphans – Supported public building projects – Built roads, harbors, aqueducts, etc. – Expanded empire to its largest size (Trajan) Apartment building Unity and Prosperity • Aqueduct – human made channel for carrying water long distances Aqueduct in France c. 19 B.C. Unity and Prosperity • Rhine River and Danube River – the eastern boundaries of the empire Unity and Prosperity • Differences – languages, customs • Unified – Roman law, Roman rule, and a shared identity Unity and Prosperity • Economy – farming – Grapes – Olives – Wine – Olive oil Italian Vineyard Unity and Prosperity • Economy – industry – Pottery – Weavings – Jewelry – Glass – Bronze – Brass Unity and Prosperity • Economy – trade – Puteoli and Ostia – two of the largest port cities – They imported luxuries Puteoli Unity and Prosperity • Roads – 50,000 miles of roads Roman Milestone Roman Road in Spain Map of Roman Roads Unity and Prosperity • Money – The empire used a common currency (type of money) Unity and Prosperity • • • • Rich people lived in luxury Middle class thrived Many city dwellers and farmers very poor Many slaves
