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The Roman Republic Terms—Roman Republic • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Romulus & Remus 12 Tables (450 BC) Consuls ; Patricians & Plebians Senate / Popular Assembly Legions ; Maniples Carthage Punic Wars --Hannibal vs. Scipio --Zama (202 BC) --3rd “War” (149 – 146 BC) / Cato Gracchus Brothers Celts Marius & Julius Caesar—Populares Sulla & Pompey – Optimates Spartacus Crassus First Triumverate (Caesar, Pompey & Crassus) Marc Antony Cleopatra Ides of March (44 BC) Map of Europe Ancient Italy The Etruscans The Etruscans Etruscan Cities Etruscan Pottery Romulus Kills Remus Rome Founding of the Roman State • 509 B.C.—Drive out Etruscan King • Republic—”Thing of the People” • 450 B.C.—12 Tables (law codes) Roman Legions & Maniple vs. Greek Phalanx Carthage Rome and Carthage First Punic War ( 264 – 241 BC) Hannibal Takes Oath—Enemy of Rome Hannibal’s Route Hannibal Crossing the Alps—218 B.C. Hannibal Crossing the Alps Second Punic War (218 – 201 B.C.) Scipio Battle of Zama (202 B.C.) Cato—”Carthage Must Be Destroyed!” Third Punic War (149 – 146 B.C.) The Punic Wars • Result in Rome’s domination of the Mediterranean and the beginning of her empire The Gracchus Brothers Roman Expansion – 1st Century B.C. The Celts The Celts Marius Sulla Sulla Fights His Way In Rome & Seizes Power Pompey (The Great) Spartacus The Slaves Revolt (73 – 71 B.C.) Crassus Crassus Ends Revolt Julius Caesar The First Triumvirate (60 B.C.) • Julius Caesar • Crassus • Pompey Caesar Conquers Gaul (59 – 50 BC) Pompey • “If it were not for Caesar I should be the greatest man in Rome.” Caesar • “If it were not for Pompey I should rule the world. There is no virtue in the Republic; it is near to its end. The time has come for one man to take command over all, and why should I not be that man!” Caesar Marches on Rome—Crosses the Rubicon Caesar and Cleopatra Cleopatra Beware the Ides of March (44 BC)