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Cancer -uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells. *1st leading cause of death is a heart attack *Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among adults *Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary. Tumor -abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Types of Tumors: Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread from site. Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body functions. Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.) Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body. Vocabulary Words… Metastasis- The spread of cancer from the point where it originated to the other parts of the body. Carcinogen- a cancer causing substance (ex: cigarette smoke, ultraviolet light-tanning) 60% of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle choices. Tobacco use- major cause of cancer deaths in the US and the most preventable. Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking or exposure to Second hand smoke. Types of cancer: Lymphomas- cancers of the immune system. Leukemias- cancers of the blood-forming organs. Carcinomas- cancer of the glands and the body linings (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs) Sarcomas- cancers of connective tissues (bones, ligaments, and muscles) Reproduction Cancer- * Prostate > Males(50^) * Testicular> Males( 15-34) * Cervical>Women(15-20) * Breast>Women( 40^) Types of Cancer Cancer Factors Symptoms Screening Skin-most common Ultraviolet rays Tanning beds Mole or freckle that changes, or discharge Biopsies Breast- 2nd leadind cause of death for women Obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity, genetic factors Unusual lump, changes in shape Mammogram Self-exam Prostate- 2nd leading cause for me and most common in men over 55yrs High fat diet,Hereditary Painful urination, blood in urine or semen Blood test Lung- leading cause of death in the U.S. in both genders. Cigarettes No initial symptoms. Later- coughing and shortness of breath Chest x-ray Cervix-15,000 per yr History of infection w/ HPV(human papillonavirus) Later- abnormal vaginal bleeding Pap smear Testicle- Most common for younger men b/c of higher levels of testosterone Family history of testicular cancer Small, hard painless lumps on testicle. Pain between scrotum & anus Self-exam Diagnosing Cancer: Regular physical exams, going once a year to Doctor Self-exams once a month Be familiar w/ your own body Warning signs: Change in Bowel A sore that doesn’t heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening Lump Indigestion trouble swalowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness Prevention Know you health history Do self exams Avoid sunburn Check ups Don’t smoke & exercise regularly Treatments: Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected area. Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an awkward place( head, neck) Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path. Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer. They are administered through IV injection and only attack the abnormal cells. Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and continue to grow.