Download LEGAL ASPECTS & PATIENT CARE IN MEDICAL IMAGING

PATIENT CARE ISSUES 1
INFECTION CONTROL
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
ACQUIRED IN
THE HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
MOST FREQUENT SITES
1. URINARY TRACT
2. WOUNDS
3. RESPIRATORY TRACT
MICROORGANISMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
BACTERIA
FUNGI
PROTOZOA
VIRUSES
HIV
AIDS
• AIDS CAUSED BY HIV
• SPREAD BY SEXUAL CONTACT OR
BY CONTACT WITH BLOOD OR
BODY FLUIDS OF A PERSON WHO
HAS BEEN INFECTED WITH HIV
PROCESS OF INFECTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
LATENT PERIOD
INCUBATION PERIOD
ACTUAL DISEASE
CONVALESCENCE
ELEMENTS NEEDED TO
TRANSMIT INFECTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
ENVIRONMENT
A PORTAL OF EXIT
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
A PORTAL OF ENTRY INTO NEW
HOST
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
INFECTION
• INDIRECT-FOMITES ( OBJECT)
• DROPLET
• VEHICLES (FOOD, WATER, DRUGS,
BLOOD)
• AIRBORNE
• VECTORS (INSECT , ANIMALS)
UNIVERSAL BLOOD AND
BODY PRECAUTIONS
INFECTION CONTROL
TECHNIQUES
• MEDICAL ASEPSIS-AS FAR AS POSSIBLE
MICROORGANISMS REMOVED
• SURGICAL ASEPSIS-COMPLET REMOVAL
MOST COMMON WAY OF
SPREADING MICROBES
HANDS
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
• DRAINAGE SECRETION- NO MASK
• ENTERIC PRECAUTION- NO MASK
• ACID-FAST BACILLUS ISOLATION
(TB)- MASK!!
• RESPIRATORY- MASK
• CONTACT-EVERYTHING
• STRICT- EVERYTHING
SAFETY IN CT
BODY MECHANICS
• PULL, DO NOT PUSH THE WEIGHT.
BODY MECHANICS
PATIENT TRANSFER
PULL SHEET
SLIDING BOARD
WHEELCHAIR
WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY
SAFETY IN THE DEPT.
FIRE
RACE
VITAL SIGNS
TEMPERATURE
• 99.6 ° F R
• 98.6 ° F O
• 97.6 ° F Ax
PULSE
PULSE DETECTION SITES
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APICAL
RADIAL
CAROTID
FEMORAL
POPLITEAL
TEMPORAL
DORSALIS PEDIS
AVERAGE PULSE RATE IN
ADULT MAN OR WOMAN
• 60-90 BEATS/MIN
AVERAGE PULSE RATE IN
INFANT
• 120 BEATS/MIN
AVERAGE PULSE RATE IN
CHILD 4-10 YEARS
• 90-100 BEATS/MIN
PULSE ASSESSMENT
• TACHYCARDIA
• BRADYCARDIA
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION RATES
• 10-20 B/MIN – ADULT
• 30-60 B/MIN – INFANT
• < 10 B/MIN FOR ADULT CYANOSIS
CYANOSIS
BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood at right
angles to the walls of the blood vessels. Unless indicated
otherwise, blood pressure refers to systemic arterial blood
pressure, i.e., the pressure in the large arteries delivering
blood to body parts other than the lungs, such as the
brachial artery (in the arm). The systolic pressure is defined
as the peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle;
the diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure (at the resting
phase of the cardiac cycle). The mean arterial pressure and
pulse pressure are other important quantities.
Typical values for a resting, healthy adult human are
approximately 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic
(written as 120/80 mmHg), with large individual variations.
BLADDER OF THE
STETHOSCOPE PLACED
OVER BRACHIAL ARTERY
OXYGEN DELIVERY
OXYGEN DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
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NASAL CANULA
NASAL CATHETER
FACE MASK
REBREATHER
OXYGEN TENT
NASAL CANNULA
21-60% OXYGEN
1-6 L/MIN- ADULTS
¼ -1/2 L/MIN - CHILDREN
FACE MASK
NO LESS THAN 5 L/MIN
REBREATHER MASK
60-90% OXYGEN
OXYGEN TENT
EMERGENCIES IN CT
SHOCK:
PHYSIOLOGIC REACTION TO :
ILNESS, TRAUMA OR SEVERE
EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE
SHOCK SYMPTOMS:
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HYPOTENSION
WEAK PULSE
RAPID PULSE
RAPID BREATHING
SHOCK
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HYPOVOLEMIC
SEPTIC
CARDIOGENIC
NEUROGENIC
ANAPHYLACTIC
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
Hypovolemic shock is caused by a decreased amount of blood or fluids
in the body. This decrease results from injuries that produce internal and
external bleeding, fluid loss due to bums, and dehydration due to severe
vomiting and diarrhea
NEUROGENIC SHOCK
Neurogenic shock is caused by an abnormal enlargement
of the (vasodilation) blood vessels and pooling of the
blood to a degree that adequate blood flow cannot be
maintained. Simple fainting (syncope) is a variation, it is
the result of a temporary pooling of the blood as a person
stands. As the person falls, blood rushes back to the head,
and the problem is solved.
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Anaphylactic (allergic) shock occurs when an individual is
exposed to a substance to which his or her body is sensitive.
The individual may experience a burning sensation, loss of
voice, itching (pruritus), hives, severe swelling, and difficulty
breathing. The causative agents are injection of medicines,
venom's by stinging insects and animals, inhalation of dust
and pollens, and ingestion of certain foods and medications.
Individuals with known sensitivities carry medication in
commercially prepared kits
Septic shock is a serious, abnormal condition that
occurs when an overwhelming infection leads to low
blood pressure and low blood flow. Vital organs, such
as the brain, heart, kidneys, and liver may not function
properly or may fail. Decreased urine output from
kidney failure may be one symptom
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock results from the
inability of the heart to pump blood
through the body. It is the most serious
consequence ofmyocardial infarction, but
can also result from other cardiac
emergencies, such as cardiac tamponade
Neurogenic shock
is shock caused by the sudden loss of the sympathetic
nervous system signals to the smooth muscle in vessel
walls. This can result from severe central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord) damage. With the
sudden loss of background sympathetic stimulation,
the vessels suddenly relax resulting in a sudden
decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and
decreased blood pressure.
CONTRAST VS REACTION
IONIC OR NON-IONIC
IODINE WATER SULUABLE
CONTRAST AND
GLUCOPHAGE
WITHELD
48 PRIOR AND AFTER THE PROCEDURE
The Contraindications and Precautions sections in
the FDA-approved package insert of the BristolMyers Squibb oral hypoglycemic drug Glucophage®
(metformin) contain warnings about its use
concomitant to the use of iodinated contrast agents.
The reason for these warnings is not the presence of
a direct drug-to-drug interaction; no such interaction
occurs. Rather, the problem is that: 1) intravascular
administration of iodinated contrast may cause acute
renal failure in a small percentage of individuals,
particularly those patients with preexisting, or a
predisposition to, renal compromise (e.g.,
diabetics[!]), and 2) in patients with renal failure,
Glucophage, which is excreted by the kidneys, may
build up to dangerous levels, causing the potentially
fatal condition of lactic acidosis.
RT RESPONSE
SUMMON EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE
AND PLACE THE
EMERGENCY CART
NEARBY!!!
OTHER CT EMERGENCIES!
HYPOGLYCEMIA
Hypoglycemia
is a medical term referring to a pathologic state
produced by a lower than normal amount of sugar
(glucose) in the blood. The term hypoglycemia
literally means "low blood sugar". Hypoglycemia can
produce a variety of symptoms and effects but the
principal problems arise from an inadequate supply of
glucose as fuel to the brain, resulting in impairment of
function (neuroglycopenia). Derangements of function
can range from vaguely "feeling bad" to coma and
(rarely) death. Hypoglycemia can arise from many
causes, and can occur at any age
HYPOGLYCEMIA
SYMPTOMS
You feel shaky, nervous, tired,
sweaty, cold, hungry, confused,
irritable or impatient. It's
always important to test to be
sure that you actually are
having low blood sugar.
RT ACTION
PATIENT CONCIOUS
PATIENT UNCONCIOUS
ADMINISTER
SUGAR
IMMEDIATELY
ADMINISTER
SUGAR (CORN SYRUP OR
JELLY)
UNDER HIS/HER TONGUE
KETOACIDOSIS
Diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA, is a condition in
which the body has a severe deficiency of insulin.
Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate the level
of glucose in the blood. Glucose is the main form
of sugar in the body. DKA is a serious
complication of diabetes.
SUMMON EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE
AND PLACE THE
EMERGENCY CART
NEARBY!!!
PULMONARY EMBOLUS
•Lodging of a blood clot in the lumen (open cavity) of a pulmonary artery,
causing a severe dysfunction in respiratory function. Pulmonary emboli often
originate in the deep leg veins and travel to the lungs through blood
circulation. Symptoms include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain (worse
with breathing), and rapid heart and respiratory rates
SYMPTOMS:
TACHYCARDIA
DYSPNEA
TACHYPNEA
HEMOPTYSIS
SYNCOPE
SUMMON EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE
AND PLACE THE
EMERGENCY CART
NEARBY!!!
RESPIRATORY FAILURE OR
CARDIAC ARREST
1. AIRWAY-KEEP OPEN
2. BREATHING – MOUTH-TO-MOUTH, MOUTH TO
MASK
3. CIRCULATION – EXTERNAL CARDIAC
COMPRESSION
ADULT OR CHILD
Place the heel of your hand on the victim's chest
just above the V of the ribs. Put your other hand
on top of your first hand with fingers
interlocked. Keep your arms straight and your
elbows locked.
Push down with both hands in a pumping
motion. If the victim is an adult, do this 15
times while counting one-thousand-one, onethousand-two, one-thousand-three, etc. Give
two breaths and then 30 more chest
compressions. Repeat. If the victim is a child,
use the same procedure, but give just five
compressions followed by just one breath,
instead of the 15 adult compressions and two
breaths.
CHILD 1-8 YEARS
INFANT
FAINTING
What is fainting?
Most people suffer at least one fainting attack
during the course of their lifetime. While fainting
attacks can sometimes be linked to conditions of
the heart, blood pressure, circulation and
breathing they most commonly occur in people
who are otherwise perfectly healthy
RT ACTION
SEIZURE
Symptoms vary widely, depending on the part of the brain affected by the electrical
misfiring. If a very small part of the brain is affected, you might sense only an odd smell or
taste. In other cases you could have hallucinations, convulsions, or lose consciousness
RT ACTION
PREVENT PATIENT FROM INJURING
HIMSELF/HERSELF
RESTRAIN GENTLY
PREPARE TO ASSIST IN OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
PATIENT CARE
&
LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL
IMAGING
INCIDENT REPORT
(UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE REPORT)
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PHYSIOLOGIC NEEDS
SAFETY & SECURITY
LOVE & BELONGINGNESS
SELF-ESTEEM
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
PATIENTS WHO COME TO
RADIOLOGY DEPT.ARE
TRYING TO SATISFY THEIR
BASIC NEED - SAFETY
COMMUNICATION
• CONSTANTLY CHANGING PROCESS
OF SPOKEN AND UNSPOKEN
MESSAGES THAT GO FROM SENDER
TO RECEIVER.
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THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNICATION
REDUCING DISTANCE
LISTENING
THERAPEUTIC SILENCE
RESPONDING TO UNDERLYING MESSAGE
RESTATING MAIN IDEA
REFLECTING MAIN IDEA
SEEKING AND PROVIDIND
CLARIFICATION
• MAKING OBSERVATION
• EXPLORING
THE GRIEVING PROCESS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DENIAL
ANGER
BARGAINING
DEPRESSION
ACCEPTANCE
1) DENIAL
In the denial stage we refuse to believe what has happened. We try
in our mind to tell ourselves that life is as it was before our loss. We
can even make believe to an extent by re enacting rituals that we
used to go through with our loved one. Making an extra cup of tea for
our loved one who is no longer there, rushing back to tell someone
that you have met an old friend. Flashing back to times and
conversations in the past as though they we here with us now. They
can all be part of this stage.
2) ANGER
We get angry. The anger can manifest itself in many ways.
We can blame others for our loss. We can become easily
agitated having emotional outbursts. We can even become
angry with ourselves. Care must be taken here not to turn
this anger inwards. Release of this anger is a far better way
to cope with grief in my experience
3) BARGAINING
Bargaining can be with ourselves or if you are religious with
your god. Often we will offer something to try to take away the
reality of what has happened. We may try to make a deal, to
have our loved one back as they were before the tragic event
occurred. It is only human to want thing as they were before
4) DEPRESSION
Depression is a very likely outcome for all people that grieve for a loss. This
is what I would consider the most difficult stage of the five to deal with. There
can be a the feeling listlessness and tiredness. You may be bursting
helplessly into tears. Feeling like there is no purpose to life any more. Feeling
guilty, like everything is your own fault. You may find you feel like you are
being punished. Pleasure and joy can be difficult to achieve even from things
and activities which you have always gained delight. There can even be
thoughts of suicide. There are many different ways in which this stage of grief
can manifest itself. If you at any time in this stage feel like doing yourself any
harm please do seek professional counseling. Self preservation is a must.
ACCEPTANCE
The final stage of grief. It is when you realize that life has to go
on. You can here accept your loss. You should now be able to
regain your energy and goals for the future. It may take some
time to get here but you will
LEGAL ISSUES IN MEDICAL
IMAGING
NEGLIGENCE
•In law, negligence is a type of tort or delict that can be
either criminal or civil in nature.
ORDINARY NEGLIGENCE
•Failure to exercise the care toward others which
would reasonably be expected of a person in the
circumstances, or taking action which a reasonable
person would not.
GROSS NEGLIGENCE
•Intentional failure to perform a duty, reckless disregard
of the consequences as affecting the life or property of
another
ASSAULT
•Threat to inflict injury with an apparent ability to do so.
Also, any intentional display of force that would give the
victim reason to fear or expect immediate bodily harm
BATTERY
•In many common law jurisdictions, the crime of
battery involves an injury or other contact upon the
person of another in a manner likely to cause bodily
harm
FALSE IMPRISONMENT
•confinement without legal authority
DEFAMATION OF
CHARACTER
•In English and American law, and systems based on
them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or
defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of
making a false statement of fact that injures someone's
reputation.
LIBEL
•Written defamation that causes injury to another person
SLANDER
•words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of
another
FRAUD
•An intentional perversion of truth; deceitful practice
or device resorted to with intent to deprive another of
property or other right
INVASION OF PRIVACY
•Violation of person’s right to be left alone and free
from unwarranted publicity and intrusions
LEGAL DOCTRINES
RES IPSA LOQUITUR
•a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an
alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that
the accident happened
STARE DECISIS
•Once a decision has been made on a certain set of
facts, that precedent will be applied to all subsequent
cases which have the same facts
RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR
•A legal term referring to the fact that, under specific
circumstances, an employer (or principal) is legally
liable for the actions of his or her employees while in the
course of their employment
CONSENT – WHEN ?
To obtain consent, the patient must be clinically
and legally competent. In most states, the legal
age of consent for medical treatment is 18 years.
Parents or legal guardians normally are required to
consent for the medical treatment of minors,
although a few exceptions exist as follows:
•The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) requires
hospitals to provide an adequate medical screening examination to anyone
(including minors) who presents to the ED, even if appropriate consent
cannot be obtained. If no immediately life-threatening condition is identified,
institute procedures to obtain consent for treatment.
•In many states, marriage or pregnancy often confers an emancipated status
to minors, who then can consent to procedures and treatments.
•In the interest of a greater societal good, various conditions exist (depending
upon the state) for which minors can consent to treatment. These conditions
include treatment for (1) sexually transmitted diseases, (2) alcohol or drug
abuse, (3) domestic or sexual abuse, and (4) mental health issues.
•Minor parents of children also can consent to treatment for their children and
themselves.
•Additionally, mature minors (ie, close to age of maturity) can consent, at
times, to less invasive or less risky procedures if the physician feels the
patient understands the concepts of consent.
CONSENT
Informed
Implied
INFORMED CONSENT
Informed consent is the process by which a fully informed
patient can participate in choices about her health care. It
originates from the legal and ethical right the patient has
to direct what happens to her body and from the ethical
duty of the physician to involve the patient in her health
care
IMPLIED CONSENT
The explanation of implied consent says
that consent assessed when the
surrounding circumstances lead a
reasonable person to believe that consent
has been granted even though word of
agreement were not direct, express or
explicit.
A consent to surgical or medical treatment or procedures,
suggested, recommended, prescribed or directed by a duly licensed
physician, will be implied where an emergency exists if there has
been no protest or refusal of consent by a person authorized and
empowered to consent or, if so, there has been a subsequent
change in the condition of the person affected that is material and
morbid, and there is no one immediately available who is
authorized, empowered, willing and capacitated to consent. For the
purposes hereof, an emergency is defined as a situation wherein, in
competent medical judgment, the proposed surgical or medical
treatment or procedures are immediately or imminently necessary
and any delay occasioned by an attempt to obtain a consent would
reasonably jeopardize the life, health or limb of the person
affected, or would reasonably result in disfigurement or
impairment of faculties.
GOOD SAMARITAN LAW
Doctrine: a legal principle that prevents a
rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim
in distress from being successfully sued for
'wrongdoing.' Its purpose is to keep people
from being so reluctant to help a stranger in
need for fear of legal repercussions if they
made some mistake in treatment
PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY
• THE STUDY OF DRUG ACTIONS ON
AND INTERACTIONS WITH LIVING
ORGANISMS.
PHARMACOKINETICS
• THE INTERACTIONS OF DRUGS
WITH BODY TISSUES
SYSTEMIC
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG
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ABSORPTION
DISTRIBUTION
BIOTRANSFORMATION
EXCRETION
ABSORPTION
• IN ORDER FOR THE DRUG TO
PRODUCE DESIRED EFFECTS ON THE
BODY, IT MUST REACH THE
INTENDED SITE OF ACTION!!!!
DRUG ABSORBED AND CIRCULATIONG IN
THE BLOODSTREAM IS CALLED
BIOAVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION
• FOLLOWING ABSORPTION DRUGS
ARE DISTRIBUTED VIA
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
BIOTRANSFORMATION
• MOST DRUGS ARE METABOLIZED IN
THE LIVER AND EITHER REDUCED
OR CHANGED INTO A WATERSOLUABLE SUBSTANCE SO THEY
CAN BE EXCRETED BY KIDNEYS
EXCRETION
• MOST DRUGS ARE EXCRETED BY
KIDNEYS.
OTHER EXCRETION ROUTES:
PERSPIRATION, TEARS, FECES,
BREAST MILK, SALIVA
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
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AGE
GENDER
HORMONAL DIFFERENCES
EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL
STATE
• TIME OF DAY
• THE CHANNEL OR ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ROUTES
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ORAL
TOPICAL
PARENTERAL
SUBLINGUAL
INTRATHECAL
RECTAL
TRANSDERMAL
INHALATION
ORAL DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
TOPICAL DRUGS
Advantages
• Base (cream, ointment, gel, spray) makes
application easy and controllable.
• Onset of symptom relief is usually faster than
oral preparations.
• Symptoms are relieved at a steady rate and
relief may last longer.
• A smaller amount of medicine may be needed
when applied in a topical form.
• Formulations diffuse through the skin and
enter the bloodstream, initially bypassing the
digestive system (called 'first pass'). Many
systemic (whole body) side effects, such as
irritated stomach lining, may be lessened or
eliminated
PARENTERAL DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
• SUBCUTANEOUS
• INTRAMUSCULAR
• INTRAVENOUS
SUBCUTANEOUS
For the subcutaneous route, a needle is inserted into fatty tissue
just beneath the skin. The drug is injected, then moves into
small blood vessels (capillaries) and is carried away by the
bloodstream or reaches the bloodstream through the lymphatic
vessels.
INTRAMUSCULAR
The intramuscular route is
preferred to the subcutaneous
route when larger volumes of a
drug product are needed. Because
the muscles lie below the skin and
fatty tissues, a longer needle is
used. Drugs are usually injected
into muscle in the upper arm,
thigh, or buttock. How quickly the
drug is absorbed into the
bloodstream depends, in part, on
the blood supply to the muscle:
The sparser the blood supply, the
longer the drug takes to be
absorbed. The blood supply is
increased during physical activity
INTRAVENOUS
Intravenous injecting is a
highly efficient way of
introducing drugs into the
body.
However, when drugs are
injected, the filtering and
delaying mechanisms that
protect us when things are
absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, lungs or skin
are bypassed. The potential
for infection and overdose are
much increased
SUBLINGUAL
Sublingual Route A few drugs are
placed under the tongue (taken
sublingually) so that they can be
absorbed directly into the small blood
vessels that lie beneath the tongue.
The sublingual route is especially
good for ANGINA—which is used to
relieve angina (chest pain due to an
inadequate blood supply to the heart
muscle)—because absorption is rapid
and the drug immediately enters the
bloodstream without first passing
through the intestinal wall and liver.
However, most drugs cannot be taken
this way because they may be
absorbed incompletely or erratically
INTRATHECAL
For the intrathecal route, a
needle is inserted between two
vertebrae in the lower spine
and into the space around the
spinal cord. The drug is then
injected into the spinal canal.
A small amount of local
anesthetic is often used to
numb the injection site. This
route is used when a drug is
needed to produce rapid or
local effects on the brain,
spinal cord, or the layers of
tissue covering them
(meninges)—for example, to
treat infections of these
structures. Anesthetics are
sometimes given this way.
RECTAL
Rectal Route Many drugs that are
administered orally can also be
administered rectally as a
suppository. In this form, a drug is
mixed with a waxy substance that
dissolves or liquefies after it is
inserted into the rectum. Because
the rectum's wall is thin and its
blood supply rich, the drug is
readily absorbed. A suppository is
prescribed for people who cannot
take a drug orally because they
have nausea, cannot swallow, or
have restrictions on eating, as is
required after many surgical
operations. Drugs that are
irritating in suppository form may
have to be given by injection
TRANSDERMAL
Drugs can be
administered
transdermally by a
patch applied to the
skin. The drug
penetrates the skin
and is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
INHALATION
Drugs can be administered using inhalers, which
deliver the drugs directly to the airways
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
DRUGS
• AN UNINTENDED EFFECT THAT IS
EXPECTED TO OCCUR IS CALLED:
• SIDE EFFECT
• ANY EFFECT THAT IS NOT BENIGN IS
CALLED AN ADVERSE REACTION
DRUGS INCOMPATIBILITY
• WHEN MIXED SOME DRUGS CAN
BECOME EITHER TOXIC OR
INACTIVE!!!!!
RT HAS AN OBLIGATION:
• TO KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE
EMERGENCY CART.
• TO SUMMON EMERGENCY HELP IN
TIMELY MANNER
• TO MAINTAIN COMPLETENESS OF
THE EQUIPMENT ON THE
EMERGENCY CART
EMERGENCY CART
DRUG NAMES
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TRADE NAME
CHEMICAL NAME
GENERIC NAME
OFFICIAL NAME
TRADE NAME
• NAME ASSIGNED BY THE
MANUFACTURER
CHEMICAL NAME
• EXACT CHEMICAL FORMULA
GENERIC NAME
• GIVEN BEFORE THE OFFICIAL
APPROVAL FOR USE
OFFICIAL NAME
• GENERIC AND OFFICIAL NAMES ARE
USUALLY THE SAME
• USED IN THE OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS
DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
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ANT-INFECTIVE
ACTING ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANALGESICS
ANTIPYRETICS
TO TREAT CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE
TO TREAT GI
TO TREAT ALLERGIC RESPONSES
ANTI-INFECTIVE
• ANTIBIOTICS- (PENICILLIN,
ERYTHROMYCIN)
ACTING ON THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
• CHLORAL HYDRATE – SEDATIVEORAL, RECTAL
• MORPHINE SULFATE – CONTROL OF
SEVERE PAIN- ORAL, PARENTERAL
• LIDOCAINE – ANESTHETIC- PAIN
BLOCKER – TOPICAL, PARENTERAL
ANALGESICS,
ANTIPYRETICS,
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
• ASPIRIN
• ACETOMINOPHEN
• IBUPROFEN
ORAL
TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
• LASIX- ( DIURETIC ACTION)- IV,
ORAL
• HEPARIN - IV AND COUMARIN(ANTICOAGULANTS) ORAL
• NITROGLYCERIN – (VASODILATOR)
ANGINA PECTORIS – SUBLINGUAL,
TOPICAL
TO TREAT GI
• SODIUM BICARBONATE pH
ORAL
• CASTOR OIL- CATHARTIC- ORAL
• MILK OF MAGNESIA- CATHARTICORAL
TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC
RESPONSES
• EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALIN)BRONCHODILATORVASOCONSTRICTOR-PARENTERAL ,
INHALATION
• BENADRYL – ORAL , PARENTERAL