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I can define drug abuse and distinguish it from both appropriate use and misuse. I can describe how different drugs affect the brain and body. I can summarize the risks of drug abuse. Medicines: Drugs: NO Medical Use Potentially Addictive Physically Harmful Usually Abused Against the Law Overdose Potential NO Margin of Safety NO Controlled Dosage Unknown Ingredients Unknown Side Effects FDA Approved AMA Recommended Pharmaceutically Manufactured If used properly; there is minimal risk for addiction and health problems Medically are Used for: • Treatment • Cure • Prevention of Diseases and Health Conditions Botanical or Natural: *Made from a Plant Source Opium and Heroin Cocaine Cannabis Hashish Jimson Mescaline Psilocybin Chemical or Synthetic: *Man Made from Chemicals Amphetamines Barbiturates Methamphetamine Ecstasy Most Prescription and Over the Counter Medications Use: Misuse: Abuse: taken as directed, in the proper dosage, and for medicinal reasons taken in improper dosage, and for reasons other than they were intended to be used for, continued misuse can cause dependency and addiction taken in large dosages that are potentially fatal, and addiction develops Allergic Reaction: hypersensitivity to the dosage causing fever, rashes, nausea, diarrhea, etc.. Toxic Reaction: poisonous effect to the dosage causing convulsions, seizures, stroke, cardiac arrest, etc.. Paradoxical Reaction: contradictory effect causing the opposite of what was anticipated Synergistic Reaction: combined effect of two or more chemical substances causing intensified effects on the brain and the central nervous system Antagonistic Reaction: effect of one substance canceling or reducing the effect of another substance Effective Dosage: the amount of a drug or medicine that it takes to produce an effect Lethal Dosage: the amount of a drug or medicine that it takes to cause a fatal overdose Therapeutic Index: The effective dose divided into the lethal dose Margin of Safety: The range between the effective dose and the lethal dose of the drug or medicine Physicians know how to determine proper dosage Drug Dealers have NO IDEA WHAT DOSAGE IS! The compulsive physical and psychological need for a chemical substance (alcohol, drugs, medicine) or a behavior (gambling, sex, eating disorder, etc.) I have no choice I have a choice on what to do I can’t do with out it I can have only one drink I need it to feel normal I don’t have to be high to have fun I can’t start my day without it * Experimentation: * Social-Situational: * Consequential Misuse: * Daily Dependency: * Total Addiction: Trying drugs out for the first time Partying, Peer Pressure, Stress, Trying Fit In Fights, Arrests, Family, School, Work Problems Have to use every day to feel normal Needs to use drugs daily to avoid withdrawal Physically and Psychologically Dependent Enablers: people that cover up and protect the addict from facing the various consequences of their addiction * * * * * Tolerance: substance abuser needs more and more to produce the high Withdrawal: symptoms produced when coming down from a high Addiction: complete dependency on a drug; need to use to feel normal Physiological Dependency: body has a physical need for the drug Psychological Dependency: mind has a mental need for the drug * Schedule I: ALL ILLEGAL DRUGS, HAVE NO MEDICAL USE, ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES • Examples: Marijuana, LSD, Heroin, Quaaludes * Schedule II: Written Prescription Required with NO REFILLS. Abuse can cause Addiction. • Examples: Cocaine, Morphine, PCP, Methamphetamine * Schedule III: Written Prescription Required with Refills up to 5 times within 6 months. Moderate chance of Addiction. • Examples: Anabolic Steroids, Codeine, Hydrocodone * Schedule IV: Written Prescription Required with Refills up to 5 times within 6 months. Low chance of Addiction • Examples: Darvon, Talwin, Equanil, Valium * Schedule V: Mostly Over the Counter Medications • Examples: Cough, Cold, and Flu Medications Stimulants Depressants/ Tranquilizers Hallucinogens NarcoticAnalgesics Cannabinoids Raises blood pressure, increases heart rate and breathing. Long-term abuse can cause brain seizures, heart attack, stroke, and convulsions. *Nicotine *Cocaine *Amphetamine *Methamphetamine Lowers blood pressure, and decreases heart rate, slows down reaction time and co-ordination. *GHB *Alcohol *Barbiturates *Methaqualone *Rohyponol *Benzodiazepines *Valium Alters and impairs brain function, causing audio and visual hallucinations. Long-term abuse can result in flash backs, paranoid and psychotic behavior *LSD *PCP *STP *MDMA Anesthetic effect on the brain, and relieves pain. Long-term abuse can cause heart attack, stroke, convulsions, and coma. *Heroin *Codeine *Morphine *Hydrocodone *Hydromorphone *Opium Sedative effect on the brain causing memory loss, mental confusion, and inability to concentrate. Long-term abuse can result in lung infections or lung cancer *THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) *Marijuana *Hashish *Hash Oil By Mouth Inhalation Injection Absorption Amphetamines Cocaine Methamphetamine Caffeine Nicotine Methylphenidate * Overdose Effects: › › › › › Seizures Convulsions Blood Clots Heart Attack Stroke SPEED UP THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CNS Increased sense of alertness Hyperactivity Anxiety Euphoria Increase in pulse/blood pressure Decrease in appetite Aggressiveness/paranoia CRASH - fatigue, weak, sleepy, sad, depressed DEATH FROM OVERDOSE IS QUICK ESPN Outside the Lines Alcohol Barbiturates GHB Benzodiazepines Rohypnol * Overdose Effects: › Kidney Failure › Liver Dysfunction › Heart Failure › Memory Loss › Depression › Lowered Blood Pressure Methaqualone Valium Ketamine * Overdose Effects: › Kidney Failure › Liver Dysfunction › Heart Failure › Memory Loss › Depression › Lowered Blood Pressure DEPRESS ACTIVITIES OF THE CNS SEDATIVE Has a calming effect HYPNOTIC Produces drowsiness & sleep Prescribed for anxiety, tension User may become lazy, constantly tired, depressed HIGHLY ADDICTIVE * LSD PCP DMT Mescaline Psilocybin Overdose Effects: › Mental Confusion › Chromosome Damage › Brain Dysfunction › Chemical Imbalance in the Brain › “Flashbacks” INTERFERE WITH SENSES & CAUSE HALLUCINATIONS •Effects may last for several hours/days •Can cause vomiting, loss of muscle control, cramps •Effects heart rate, body temp, & blood pressure •Impairs short term memory MAY CAUSE FLASHBACKS Heroin Opium Morphine Codeine Fentanyl Oxycodone * Hydromorphone Hydrocodone Overdose Effects: › Respiratory Depression › Cardiac Arrest › Drug Induced Coma SLOW DOWN THE CNS Slow breathing/heart rate ANALGESIC Relieves pain NODDING OUT Falling in & out of sleep Users may become DEPRESSED & LAZY What is the active ingredient in marijuana ? Tetrahydrocannabinol Causes a relaxed, euphoric, drowsy feeling Increased appetite Effects depend on amount of THC Damages lungs, respiratory system, reproductive system Short-term memory loss, impairs concentration AMOTIVATIONAL SYNDROME GATEWAY DRUG Marijuana Hashish Hash Oil THC * Overdose Effects: › Impaired Memory › Respiratory Infections › Panic Attacks › Paranoia › Chemical Imbalance in the Brain › Cardiac Dysfunction XTC MDA MDMA ICE CAT GHB Crank Crack * Overdose Effects: › Paranoia › Impaired Memory › Psychotic Behavior › Cardiac Toxicity › Liver Failure › Neurological Damage Depressants Dissociative effects Disorientation Amnesia Loss of control Loss of inhibitions Drug Induced Rape Prevention & Punishment Act 1996 Federal felony for giving a controlled substance with the intention of committing sexual assault or another harmful crime Man-Made Deep sedation, blackouts, amnesia Respiratory distress 10x the strength of valium Odorless Tasteless No Safe Quantity Hallucinogenic Stimulant Feelings of well-being, increased sexual senses, teeth grinding, hyperthermia, kills nerve terminals Never leave your drink unattended Watch your friends’ drink if they are not alert Use the “buddy” system at parties Watch the bartender as he/she makes your drink Never accept a drink from someone you do not know Avoid open drinks, such as punch If in doubt, throw it out! * Volatile chemical substances with breathable fumes that are sniffed and inhaled to provide a mind-altering high › › › › › › › › Spray Paint Glues Lighter Fluid Amyl Nitrite Butyl Nitrite Nitrous Oxide Solvents Aerosols * Overdose: › Liver Failure › Kidney › › › › Dysfunction Change in Bone Marrow Structure Permanent Brain Damage Blood & Oxygen Displacement Neurological Damage AFFECTS MOOD & BEHAVIOR EASY accessible Give a QUICK high Last only for a few minutes Irreversible brain damage Sudden death from suffocation BAGGING HUFFING SPRAYING Increase risk of becoming infected with HIV & hepatitis B Increase the risk of accidents, violence, & crime Cause problems with the law Cause dependency Causes relationship problems Intervention: family and friends confronting the addict about their drug or alcohol problem Detoxification: medication is given to ease the symptoms of withdrawal Relapse: returning to doing drugs or alcohol after quitting and going through treatment Treatment: different types of recovery programs Recovery: learning to live life again in a drug and alcohol free lifestyle * Detox. Units: medically supervised hospitalization to ease the withdrawal from the addiction to the drug or alcohol * Inpatient Units: medical and psychological care while the patient is placed in a rehabilitation facility * Outpatient Units: recovering addict continues to go to work or school, but also gets treatment from the rehabilitation facility * Halfway Houses: after 30 days of treatment, recovering addicts will stay for 6 months to 1 year for additional counseling and treatment
