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In God We Trust AMA the Precious Mohammad Moradi KOWSAR Corp. 6/9/2012 The Importance of AMA • Document based editing; • Some rules even not obeyed in mother tongue speakers • Improve the relationship of the authors and the editors • Make them to trust you • Be the best in the world! Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Documents • • • • • Best documents are; AMA manual Practical English Usage A-Z of Correct English Merriam Webster`s Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Chapter 11 1.Correct and Preferred Usage • Of course, editors do consider manuscripts that are poorly written but are of good science, although they may feel less confident about a paper's content if the presentation is sloppy. Also, authors whose first language is not that of the journal should still be given consideration. In particular, editors should not lose the author's voice, especially in informal usage. Still, scientific writing should be as precise as possible to avoid misinterpretation. This section provides a selection of correct and preferred terms. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. abnormal, normal; negative, positive • • • • • • • • Incorrect: The physical examination was normal. Correct: Findings from the physical examination were normal. Incorrect: The throat culture was negative. Correct: The throat culture was negative for -hemolytic streptococci. • Incorrect: • The electroencephalogram was positive. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Samples • Correct: • The electroencephalogram showed abnormalities in the temporal regions. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Samples • Incorrect: • Serologic tests for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination, which were previously negative, are now positive. • Correct: • Serologic test results for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination, which were previously negative, are now positive. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Samples • Also correct: • Serologic tests for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination, the results of which were previously negative, showed a titer of 1:80. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. affect, effect • Affect (a- fekt), as a verb, means to have an influence on. Effect (i- fekt), as a verb, means to bring about or to cause. • Affect ( a-fekt), as a noun, refers to immediate expressions of emotion (in contrast to mood, which refers to sustained emotional states). Affect is often used as part of psychiatric diagnostic terminology. Effect (i- fekt), as a noun, means result. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. among, between • Among usually pertains to general collective relations and always in a group of more than 2. • The patients shared the library books among themselves. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Among/Between • Between pertains to the relation between 1 entity and 1 or more other entities. • For instance, a treaty may be made between 4 powers, since each is defining a relationship with each of the others, but peace may exist among them. • Between you and me, we are certain to find the common factor among those we have examined. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. article, manuscript • Published • Non published • typescript Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. association, relationship • Association is a connection between two variables in which one does not necessarily cause the other. • Relationship implies cause and effect. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. breastfeed, nurse • When referring to human lactation, use breastfeeding. This term is more specific than nursing and prevents any confusion with the profession of nursing. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. classic, classical • classic generally means authentic, authoritative, or typical (the classic symptoms of myocardial infarction include angina, dyspnea, nausea, and diaphoresis). In contrast, classical refers to the humanities or the fine or historical arts Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. • Classic symptoms of the disease was seen in our cases. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. compare to, compare with • One part only. • Whole similarities and differences. • Ex; Cholestrol level was higher in control group compared to the case group. • Ex; Drug A had more benefits compared with Drug B Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. comprise, compose • Include • the pituitary gland comprises the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis • make up or be a constituent of • The adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis compose the pituitary gland • Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. • the pituitary gland is composed of the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis • The phrase comprised of is never correct!! Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. dosage, dose • A dose is the quantity to be administered at one time, or the total quantity administered during a specified period. Dosage implies a regimen Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. sample • Ex;The usual initial dosage of furosemide for adult hypertension is 80 mg/d, typically divided into doses of 40 mg twice a day. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. fewer, less • Fewer and less are not interchangeable. Use fewer for number (individual persons or things) and less for volume or mass (indicating degree or value). Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. -ic, -ical • Merriam-Webster's Collegiate (www.merriamwebsterdictionary.org) • Stedman's • Dorland's • American Heritage dictionaries Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. in order to • In order can often be removed from the phrase in order to without changing its meaning Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. malignancy, malignant neoplasm, malignant tumor • When referring to a specific tumor, use malignant neoplasm or malignant tumor rather than malignancy. Malignancy refers to the quality of being malignant. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. operation, surgical procedure, surgeries, surgery • Surgery can mean surgical care, surgical treatment, or surgical therapy (ie, the care provided by a surgeon with the help of nurses and other personnel from the first consultation and examination, through the hospital stay, operation, and postoperative care, until the last follow-up visit is complete). • • An operation is what occurs between the induction of and the patient's emergence from anesthesia— incision, dissection, excision, and closure. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. place on, put on • The phrase “to put [or to place] a patient on a drug” is jargon and should be avoided. Medications are prescribed or patients are given medications; therapy or therapeutic agents are started, administered. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. suggestive, suspicious • • • • • • Incorrect: The chest film was suspicious for tuberculosis. Correct: The chest film was suggestive of tuberculosis. Also correct: The chest film showed abnormalities suggestive of tuberculosis. • Also correct: • The chest film showed a suspicious lesion, but its nature was unclear. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. use, usage, utility, utilize • Use is almost always preferable to utilize, which has the specific meaning “to find a profitable or practical use for,” suggesting the discovery of a new use for something. However, even where this meaning is intended, use would be acceptable. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. 2) Redundant, Expendable, and Incomparable Words and Phrases • • • • • • • • • • • • • • adequate enough general rule advance planning herein we describe aggregate together interval of time brief in duration large [small, bulky] in size combine together lift up completely full [empty] major breakthrough consensus of opinion near to Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • out of [but: out of bounds, out of place, out of the question, out of the jurisdiction, out of the woods] count [divide] up outside of covered over oval [square, round, lenticular] in shape distinguish the difference own personal view each individual person past history eliminate altogether period of time, time period, point in time empty out personal friend enter into (exception: enter into a contract) Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • precedes in time equally as well as predict in advance estimated at about raised up fellow colleagues reassessed again fewer in number red in color filled to capacity rough [smooth] in texture first initiated fuse together obtained also by future plans Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 noon [midnight] skin rash 2 halves soft [firm] in consistency 2 out of 12 sour [sweet, bitter] tasting uniformly consistent split up whether or not [unless the intent is to give equal emphasis to the alternative] still continues sum total tender to the touch younger [older] than 50 years of age true fact Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. 2.2 Expendable Words and Circumlocution. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • as already stated it was demonstrated that in other words needless to say it goes without saying take steps to it is important [interesting] to note the fact that it may be said that the field of it stands to reason that to be sure it was found that Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Some from Practical English Usage • Definite article • Verb tenses • Special and especial • And More…………… Every other problem is found at the end of the book. Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp. Thanks for your patience Dr. M. Moradi Kowsar Corp.