Download South by Southeast Asia

South by Southeast Asia
600-1450
Political Structures in
Southern India
•
Since the fall of the Gupta,
no single empire controlled
the region for almost 1,000
years
•
Chola Kingdom (850-1267):
Was a major player in the
Indian Ocean Trade
•
Vijayanagar: Brought
Hinduism back to Southern
India, after first being
Muslim.
Now on to Northern India
•
Himalayas protected India from
invasions from the north, but Muslims
constantly invaded from the west
•
Because Sind (the northwest region of
India) was so far away from Dar alIslam, it was never really in control
•
Eventually, Delhi was conquered and
the Delhi Sultanate was founded
•
Never organized an efficient
bureaucracy so policies were never
really imposed, but they did have the
jizya, but the smaller kingdoms played
a major role
Trade in the Indian Ocean
Basin (what they traded)
•
West-coast Indian cities like Calcut,
Quilon, and Camby became centers of
trade
•
India became known for it’s fabrics,
cotton, high-carbon steel, and tanned
leather
•
Malaysia was known as the Spice
Islands
•
Swahili costal cities traded Slaves,
ivory, and gold
•
China exported silk and porcelain…
aka fine china
Monsoons and
Sailing Tech
•
Used the Monsoon
Winds in order to
facilitate trade
•
Invented the Lateen
Sales, Stern
Rudder, which led
to the small
wooden dhows to
dominate the seas
during this era
Religion in South Asia
•
It was Islam vs. Hinduism: Islam =
1 god, geometric artwork, Hindu =
many gods, images of gods. One
has a cast system, the other
doesn’t
•
Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed
Hindu and Buddhist shrines as he
tried to spread Islam, but
discovered that Hindu and
Buddhist subjects didn’t convert
•
Low castes in some cases
converted, and other corrupt
Buddhist monks led some to leave
Buddhism behind
Interaction of Islam and
Hinduism
•
Formed Sufis: mystics who
did not focus on strict
doctrines, instead
emphasized individual
personal connection
•
Led to Hinduism focusing on
a more personal relationship
to an individual god
•
Bhakti Movement:
emphasized love and
devotion to god, with poets
like Mira Bai, and Guru Kabir
Social Structures
•
India’s caste system is it’s
strongest historical
continuity
•
Many who tried to escape
a low caste failed to
improve their status
because higher jobs
required more education,
which converting to Islam
didn’t help
•
Islam didn’t change the
way women were treated
•
Sati
Cultural Achievements in
South Asia
•
India scientific learning was
translated into Arabic, such as
algebra, geometry, and the
Indian number system
•
Mosques built across India,
such as the Qutab Minar
•
Urdu, a new language
developed among Muslims in
the region which is a blending
of the grammatical pattern of
Hindi, with the vocabulary of
Arabic
Southeast Asia
•
Many things were
introduced through
trade such as the
Ramayana and
Mahabharata epics,
Sanskrit, among others
•
Srivijaya (670-1025)
controlled the shipping
hub from the Indian
Ocean through China
and became VERY
wealthy
The Angkor Kingdom
•
Lasted more than 500 years
•
Kingdom was a mixture of Hinduism and Buddhism, which can be seen at
the Angkor Wat temple
Discussion Questions for
th
and 8
th
6
•
The following questions should be answered in complete
sentences and with lots of specific evidence/analysis.
•
1. What the biggest obstacles Islam had to overcome to
become a permeant fixture in Norther India?
•
2. What role did Melaka play in Southeast Asian Trade?
•
3. How did social structures change as a result of the
arrival of Islam into India and Southeast Asia.