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ANIMAL KINGDOM ZOOLOGY Southern Boone County HS Bill Palmer Lecture 1 Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy! Animal Kingdom Some are Mean and Scary! Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla PORIFERA SPONGE CNIDERIA JELLYFISH PLATYHELMINTHEA FLATWORM NEMATODA ROUNDWORM MOLLUSCA CLAM, OYSTER, SQUID ANNELIDA FISHING WORM ARTHROPODA GRASSHOPPER, CRAB ECHINODERMATA SEA STAR CHORDATA FISH, MAN Porifera Cnidaria (Phyla) Nematoda Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca pseudocoel protosomes Echinodermata Arthropoda coelom deuterosomes body cavity Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry symmetry tissue ancestral protist Tree for Classifying Animals Chordata coelom Characteristics of Animals Eukaryotic Multicellular Embryonic development Heterotrophic, ingestive No cell walls Mobile Tissues Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Remember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups Phylum Porifera: The Sponges No organs Conglomerate of cells Sexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction Budding Phylum Porifera: The Sponges Most Marine Some Fresh water (Grantia) Grantia freshwater Marine Anatomy of Typical Sponge osculum Inner cells with flagellae create currents The currents cause water flow into pores and out the osculum at top. Spicules strengthen the walls. Cnidaria (The Stingers) Phylum Cnidaria Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones Stinging Cells (cnidocytes) • harpoons 2 stages Polyp Medusa Phylum Cnidaria Most are Marine Some Fresh water Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs MEDUSA TWO FORMS mesoglea gastrovascular cavity tentacles mouth gastrovascular cavity mesoglea POLYP mouth tentacles Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Examples: Flukes, Planaria, Tapeworms Organs present No system of blood circulation Parasitic (tapeworms, flukes) Free-living (planaria) Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes Human Liver Fluke This species affects humans and destroys the liver. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms Human Tapeworm A parasite Head or Scolex Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia Nervous System Head region Primitive Eyes Reproduction Planaria Sexual Asexual Nervous system Reproductive system nerve cords genital pore primitive eyes cerebral ganglia penis testes ovaries Porifera Cnidaria (Phyla) Nematoda Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca pseudocoel protosomes Echinodermata Arthropoda Chordata coelom deuterosomes body cavity Complete digestive tract Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry symmetry tissue ancestral protist Tree for Classifying Animals coelom Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea worm Organs Present Complete digestive tract Roles pests for farmers human parasites • trichinosis and hookworm • Sexual reproduction Free living Separate sexes Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth Hookworms enter humans through the soles of the feet Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms Male Female CAUTION!! Next slide is graphic Guinea worms- (Serpent of Fire in Bible)? Phylum Mollusca Classes Gastropods (snails, slugs) Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus) Mantle tissue Secretes shells Mollusca Gastropod Cephalapoda Bivalves Mollusca-Giant Squid Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms Examples: earthworms, leeches Body segmentation Reproduction Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female) brain dorsal blood vessel mouth “hearts” intestine No lungs coelomic space muscular walls between segments anus pairs of bristles segments Anatomy of Earthworm Arthropoda (The jointed) Crab with recently shed exoskeleton Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages Exoskeleton carbohydrate protein Molting • Limits? Appendages jointed Three Subphyla I. Uniramia (Insects) • Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen) II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles) III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions) • Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection • Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling) SOME INSECT ORDERS (There are more than 20 orders) True Bug Beetles Flies Homoptera Coleoptera Diptera SOME INSECT ORDERS (There are more than 20 orders) Bees, Wasps Butterflies Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Grasshoppers Orthoptera Insect Centipede Barnacle Lobster Water flea (Daphnia) Horseshoe Crab Spider (Tarantula) Mite EchinodermataThe Spiny Ones Sea Star (old=Starfish) Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone Phylum Echinodermata: Spiny skin Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar Water vascular system tube feet The Chordates Cephalochordata Vertebra Urochordata Phylum Chordata Three Subphyla Cephalochordata • Amphioxus (only representative) Urochordata • Sea squirts post-anal tail dorsal nerve cord notochord Vertebrata pharyngeal slits Amphioxus anus Cephalochordata Amphioxus Urochordata Sea squirts (Tunicate) Vertebrata Cheetah Vertebrates 1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray) 2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon) 3. Amphibian (frog, salamander) 4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard) 5. Birds (ostrich, swallow) 6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled platypus) Vertebrate Evolution Cartilage to Bone Half of vertebrates are fish. sharks and rays cartilaginous Most are bony fish Transition to Land: Amphibians: First land vertebrates aquatic embryos and larvae adults need moist environments. Cartilaginous Fish Manta Ray Lobe-finned Coelacanth Ancestor of all land vertebrates Bony Fish Largemouth Bass Rainbow Trout Marlin Amphibians Salamander Frog Toad Amphibian Life Cycle mature frog female male immature frog egg fertilized egg sperm tadpole developing embryo Reptiles Snakes Turtles Alligators Lizards Vertebrate Evolution Birds and Reptiles Amniotic Egg • Terrestrial development • Internal Fertilization Dinosaurs to Birds Bone similarities Transitional fossil It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left. a Archaeopteryx Common Bird Types Duck Bald Eagle American Robin Common Bird Types Sandpiper Pheasant Hummingbird Vertebrate Evolution Mammals Characteristics • Mammary glands • Near-constant internal temperature • hair • eggs that develop internally Vertebrate Evolution Reproduction in Mammals Monotremes Marsupials Placentals Monotremes Egg-laying mammals Duck-Billed Platypus Marsupials Mature in pouch Kangaroo w/ Joey Marsupials Opossum is a common Missouri Marsupial Placental Nutrition from placenta Grizzly Bear SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS Orca Bat Cetacean Chiroptera Lion Carnivore Porcupine Rodent SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS Gorilla Whitetail Deer Primate Ungulate Elephant Seal Proboscidae Pinnadea Wrap up 1. What are the 9 major phyla? 2. What are examples of above? 3. What are the characteristics that place the organisms into those Phyla? Hint: Make 1-3 in a chart-Your BFF 4. What is symmetry? Types? 5. What are examples of organisms with different types of symmetry? 6. What is a coelom? Types? Wrap up 7. What are examples of organisms with different types of coeloms? 8. What are the 4 major characteristics of Chordata? 9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata? 10. What are the characteristics of the 6 classes of Vertebrata? 11. What are the 3 types of mammals? (Define, describe, recognize and give examples?) HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: