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ANIMAL KINGDOM
ZOOLOGY
Southern Boone County HS
Bill Palmer
Lecture 1
Animal Kingdom
Some are Warm and Fuzzy!
Animal Kingdom
Some are Mean and Scary!
Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla
PORIFERA
SPONGE
CNIDERIA
JELLYFISH
PLATYHELMINTHEA
FLATWORM
NEMATODA
ROUNDWORM
MOLLUSCA
CLAM, OYSTER,
SQUID
ANNELIDA
FISHING WORM
ARTHROPODA
GRASSHOPPER,
CRAB
ECHINODERMATA
SEA STAR
CHORDATA
FISH, MAN
Porifera Cnidaria
(Phyla)
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
pseudocoel
protosomes
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
coelom
deuterosomes
body cavity
Radial symmetry
bilateral tissue symmetry
symmetry
tissue
ancestral protist
Tree for
Classifying Animals
Chordata
coelom
Characteristics of Animals
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Embryonic development
Heterotrophic, ingestive
No cell walls
Mobile
Tissues
Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Remember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
No organs
Conglomerate of cells
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Budding
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
Most Marine
Some Fresh water
(Grantia)
Grantia
freshwater
Marine
Anatomy
of Typical
Sponge
osculum
Inner cells with
flagellae create
currents
The currents cause
water flow into pores
and out the osculum
at top.
Spicules strengthen
the walls.
Cnidaria (The Stingers)
Phylum Cnidaria
Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones
Stinging Cells (cnidocytes)
• harpoons
2 stages
Polyp
Medusa
Phylum Cnidaria
Most are Marine
Some Fresh water
Look for freshwater
jellyfish in fall in large
MO reservoirs
MEDUSA
TWO FORMS
mesoglea
gastrovascular
cavity
tentacles
mouth
gastrovascular
cavity
mesoglea
POLYP
mouth
tentacles
Phylum Platyhelminthes:
Flatworms
Examples: Flukes,
Planaria, Tapeworms
Organs present
No system of blood
circulation
Parasitic
(tapeworms, flukes)
Free-living
(planaria)
Phylum Platyhelminthes:
Flukes
Human Liver Fluke
This species affects humans
and destroys the liver.
Phylum Platyhelminthes:
Tapeworms
Human Tapeworm
A parasite
Head or Scolex
Body Plan of Flatworm:
Dugesia
Nervous System
Head region
Primitive Eyes
Reproduction
Planaria
Sexual
Asexual
Nervous
system
Reproductive
system
nerve cords
genital
pore
primitive eyes
cerebral
ganglia
penis
testes ovaries
Porifera Cnidaria
(Phyla)
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
pseudocoel
protosomes
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Chordata
coelom
deuterosomes
body cavity
Complete digestive tract
Radial symmetry
bilateral tissue symmetry
symmetry
tissue
ancestral protist
Tree for Classifying
Animals
coelom
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
Examples: Hookworm, Round worms,
Guinea worm
Organs Present
Complete digestive tract
Roles
pests for farmers
human parasites
• trichinosis and hookworm
• Sexual reproduction
Free living
Separate sexes
Phylum Nematoda:
Hookworms
Adult Worm
“Mouth” with teeth
Hookworms
enter humans
through the
soles of the
feet
Phylum Nematoda:
Roundworms
Male
Female
CAUTION!!
Next slide is graphic
Guinea worms-
(Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
Phylum Mollusca
Classes
Gastropods (snails, slugs)
Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels)
Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and
nautilus)
Mantle tissue
Secretes shells
Mollusca
Gastropod
Cephalapoda
Bivalves
Mollusca-Giant Squid
Phylum Annelida:
Segmented Worms
Examples:
earthworms, leeches
Body segmentation
Reproduction
Hermaphroditic
(1 organism is
male and female)
brain
dorsal blood vessel
mouth
“hearts”
intestine
No lungs
coelomic
space
muscular walls
between
segments
anus
pairs of
bristles
segments
Anatomy of
Earthworm
Arthropoda (The jointed)
Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
Phylum Arthropoda:
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
carbohydrate
protein
Molting
• Limits?
Appendages
jointed
Three Subphyla
I.
Uniramia (Insects)
• Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs,
barnacles)
III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe
crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions)
• Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in
feeding and venom injection
• Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)
SOME INSECT ORDERS
(There are more than 20 orders)
True Bug
Beetles
Flies
Homoptera
Coleoptera
Diptera
SOME INSECT ORDERS
(There are more than 20 orders)
Bees, Wasps
Butterflies
Hymenoptera
Lepidoptera
Grasshoppers
Orthoptera
Insect
Centipede
Barnacle
Lobster
Water flea
(Daphnia)
Horseshoe Crab
Spider
(Tarantula)
Mite
EchinodermataThe Spiny Ones
Sea Star
(old=Starfish)
Sea Cucumber
Sea Anemone
Phylum Echinodermata:
Spiny skin
Examples:
starfish, sea
urchin, sea
cucumber, sand
dollar
Water vascular
system
tube feet
The Chordates
Cephalochordata
Vertebra
Urochordata
Phylum Chordata
Three Subphyla
Cephalochordata
• Amphioxus (only representative)
Urochordata
• Sea squirts
post-anal tail
dorsal nerve cord
notochord
Vertebrata
pharyngeal slits
Amphioxus
anus
Cephalochordata
Amphioxus
Urochordata
Sea squirts (Tunicate)
Vertebrata
Cheetah
Vertebrates
1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)
2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon)
3. Amphibian (frog, salamander)
4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard)
5. Birds (ostrich, swallow)
6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled
platypus)
Vertebrate Evolution
Cartilage to Bone
Half of vertebrates are fish.
sharks and rays cartilaginous
Most are bony fish
Transition to Land:
Amphibians: First land vertebrates
aquatic embryos and larvae
adults need moist environments.
Cartilaginous Fish
Manta Ray
Lobe-finned Coelacanth
Ancestor of all land vertebrates
Bony Fish
Largemouth
Bass
Rainbow
Trout
Marlin
Amphibians
Salamander
Frog
Toad
Amphibian Life Cycle
mature frog
female
male
immature
frog
egg
fertilized
egg
sperm
tadpole
developing embryo
Reptiles
Snakes
Turtles
Alligators
Lizards
Vertebrate Evolution
Birds and Reptiles
Amniotic Egg
• Terrestrial development
• Internal Fertilization
Dinosaurs to Birds
Bone similarities
Transitional fossil
It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the
unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at
right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left.
a
Archaeopteryx
Common Bird Types
Duck
Bald Eagle
American Robin
Common Bird Types
Sandpiper
Pheasant
Hummingbird
Vertebrate Evolution
Mammals
Characteristics
• Mammary glands
• Near-constant internal temperature
• hair
• eggs that develop internally
Vertebrate Evolution
Reproduction in Mammals
Monotremes
Marsupials
Placentals
Monotremes
Egg-laying mammals
Duck-Billed Platypus
Marsupials
Mature in pouch
Kangaroo w/ Joey
Marsupials
Opossum is a common
Missouri Marsupial
Placental
Nutrition from placenta
Grizzly Bear
SOME PLACENTAL
ORDERS
Orca
Bat
Cetacean
Chiroptera
Lion
Carnivore
Porcupine
Rodent
SOME PLACENTAL
ORDERS
Gorilla
Whitetail Deer
Primate
Ungulate
Elephant
Seal
Proboscidae
Pinnadea
Wrap up
1. What are the 9 major phyla?
2. What are examples of above?
3. What are the characteristics that place
the organisms into those Phyla?
Hint: Make 1-3 in a chart-Your BFF
4. What is symmetry? Types?
5. What are examples of organisms with
different types of symmetry?
6. What is a coelom? Types?
Wrap up
7.
What are examples of organisms with
different types of coeloms?
8. What are the 4 major characteristics of
Chordata?
9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata?
10. What are the characteristics of the 6
classes of Vertebrata?
11. What are the 3 types of mammals?
(Define, describe, recognize and give
examples?)
HOMEWORK
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