Download Chordata (Fish)

Chordata (Fish)
Myxini(Hagfish)
Cephalaspidomorphi(Lampreys)
Chondrichthyes(Sharks, Rays)
Actinopterygii(ray-finned fish)
Actinistia(Coelacanths)
Dipnoi(Lungfish)
Colin Green, Tyler Simowitz
http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~youson/images/lamprey.jpg
Tyler
What is a fish?
• What we call “fish” only apply to one
clade of vertebrates - the
Actinopterygians, which we will discuss
later
However, for all of our sakes, we will refer
to all of the following as “fish”
Colin, Tyler
Chordata
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsIII/chordate.gif
colin
Hagish (Myxini)
http://www.nicholls.edu/biol-ds/biol348/fishsets/pics/hagfish.jpg
colin
Lamprey(Ceohalaspidomorphi)
http://bradyonthebrain.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/lamprey-mouth.jpg
colin
Ray-Finned(Actinopterygii)
http://superlative1.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/fish-anatomy.jpg
Tyler
Shark(Chondrichthyes)
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/tiger-shark-anatomy.jpg
Tyler
Lungfish(Dipnoi)
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/lungfish-info0.gif
Tyler
Body Cavity
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Myxini: coelom
Cephalaspidomorphi: coelom, vertebrae
Chondrichthyes: coelom, vertebrae, jaw
Actinopterygii: coelom, vertebrae, jaw
Actinistia: coelom, vertebrae, jaw
Dipnoi: coelom, vertebrae, jaw
Colin, Tyler
Body Symmetry
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Myxini: symmetrical
Cephalaspidomorphi: symmetrical
Chondrichthyes: symmetrical
Actinopterygii: symmetrical
Actinistia: symmetrical
Dipnoi: symmetrical
Colin, Tyler
Nervous System
• Myxini: yes, 2 brains
• Cephalaspidomorphi: dorsal nerve, true
nervous system
• Chondrichthyes: yes
• Actinopterygii: yes
• Actinistia: yes
• Dipnoi: yes
Colin, Tyler
Circulatory System
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Myxini: present, 4 hearts
Cephalaspidomorphi: present
Chondrichthyes: present
Actinopterygii: present
Actinistia: present
Dipnoi: seperation of pulmonary
Colin, Tyler
Digestive System
• Myxini: slow metabolism, can go 7 months
without food
• Cephalaspidomorphi: parasite, sucks blood,
rows of teeth
• Chondrichthyes: spiral valve, prolongs
passage of food, stomach
• Actinopterygii: stomach, intestines
• Actinistia: stomach, intestines
• Dipnoi: stomach, intestines
Colin, Tyler
Excretory System
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Myxini: mouth, anus
Cephalaspidomorphi: mouth, anus
Chondrichthyes: mouth, anus, bladder
Actinopterygii: mouth, anus, large amounts of
dilute urine, controls salt:water balance
• Actinistia: mouth, anus, dilute urine
• Dipnoi: mouth, anus, urine
Colin, Tyler
Locomotion/Musculature
• Myxini: paddle like tail, sluggish
• Cephalaspidomorphi: tail to propel
• Chondrichthyes: power movement of trunk and
caudal(tail), propel forward, dorsal fins - stability,
paired pectoral (fore) and pelvic (hind) help float
• Actinopterygii: fins for maneuvering and defense
• Actinistia: fins
• Dipnoi: tail and pectoral-pelvic fins
Colin, Tyler
Skeletal Structure
• Myxini: skull contains cartilage
• Cephalaspidomorphi: cartilage skeleton
• Chondrichthyes: cartilage, mineralized
skeleton
Actinopterygii: bony
• Actinistia: bony
• Dipnoi: bony, skull
Colin, Tyler
Sensory Structures
• Myxini:eyes, ears, naval openings, one
norstril
• Cephalaspidomorphi: large eyes, one nostril
• Chondrichthyes: sharp vision, nostrils, detect
electric fields
• Actinopterygii: eyes, nostrils
• Actinistia: eyes, nostrils
• Dipnoi: eyes, nostrils
Colin, Tyler
Reproduction
• Myxini: lay eggs, no larvae stages, some
hermaphrodites. Not well known
• Cephalaspidomorphi: egg-larvae-metamorphus-adult
• Chondrichthyes: eggs fertilized internally, pelvic finstransfer sperm. Oviparous - newborn hatches
outside of body, Ovoviviparous- internally
• Actinopterygii: eggs fertalized/born outside
• Actinistia:give birth to live young
• Dipnoi: external, dig hole in mud to protect
Colin, Tyler
Gas Exchange
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Myxini: one gill
Cephalaspidomorphi: 7 gills
Chondrichthyes: uses gills
Actinopterygii: gills
Actinistia:gills
Dipnoi:gills and lungs
Colin, Tyler
Unique Features
• Myxini: creates slime for protection
• Ceohalaspidomorophi: attack humans only
when they are starving
• Chondrichthyes: more dense than water makes
them sink if they stop swimming
• Actinopterygii: includes 96% of all fish species
• Actinistia: Still alive, 2 species have been found
• Dipnoi: In dry periods, they burrow into the mud
and go into a fish hibernation
Colin, Tyler
Quiz
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1. Which was the first “bony” fish?
A)Dipnoi
B)actinopterygii
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Ceohalaspidomorphi
Colin, Tyler
• B is the correct answer
• 2. Which of the following has two
brains?
• A) Myxini
• B)Actinistia
• C)Ceohalaspidomorphi
• D)Dipnoi
• E)Chondrichthyes
Colin, Tyler
• The correct answer is A, Myxini have
two brains and four hearts
• 3. What is the fin called that propels a
shark forward
• A)Pectoral
• B)Pelvic
• C)Caudal
• D)Dorsal
Colin, Tyler
• Correct answer is C
• 4. What do lampreys have that Myxini
don’t
• A)Nostrils
• B)Bones
• C)Eyes
• D)Vertebrae
Colin, Tyler
• Correct answer is D