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Taxonomy Identification, classification and naming of species Categories within Kingdoms Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders Orders are subdivided into families Families are divided into genera Genera contain closely related species Species is unique . Sponges: Phylum Porifera (pore bearing) • • • • • Simplest multicellular animal Sessile animals, filter feeders No organs or true tissues, group of individual cells Majority are marine Asexual reproduction by budding, free swimming ciliated larvae Sponges: Phylum Porifera (pore bearing) Class Calcera - the Calcerous Sponges Class Hexactinellida - the Glass Sponges Class Demospongiae - Most common and diverse Phylum Cnideria (nettle like) • • • • • • • More than 9,000 species, name derives from cnidocytes cells (700 million years old) Mostly sessile some are free moving Radial symmetry Most have tentacles Simplest animal to have nerve cells (nerve net, no central nervous system) Nematocyst are there stinging organelles No excretory or respritory system Phylum Cnideria (nettle like) 4 classes 1. Hydrozoa: fire corals, Portuguese man of war 1. Scyphozoa: “true” jelly fish 1. Cubozoa: cube jelly fish 2. Anthozoa: sea anemones, soft coral, stony coral Phylum Ctenophora (comb bearing) • Less than 100 species; all marine • 8 comb like plates needed for locomotion • These are lined with cilia and considered largest animal to use cilia for locomotion Phylum Platyhelminthes (flat worm) • Bilateral symmetry • Marine flat worms; class Turbellaria • **Different than nudibranchs (phylum mollusca) Phylum Mollusca (soft) • 2nd most named species • Gills or lungs, open circulatory system, have mantle, unique to phylum a radula and muscular foot • Four main classes: Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephlapoda Polyplacophora: chiton • Name means bearing many plates • Cling rocks use radula to scrape food • Separate sexes Gastropoda • Largest and most diverse crowd snail, slugs, whelks, sea slugs, sea butterflies • Nudibranch means naked gill Bivalvia (two shelled) • • • • Suspension feeders Hinge ligament Umbo: oldest part of shell Attach using byssal thread Cephlapoda (head footed) • Most complex of all molluscs: squid, octopus, and cuttlefish • Active predators • Chromatophores • Ink production • Well developed eyes • Separate sexs • Well developed brain Phylum Arthropoda: Sub Phylum Crustacea • • • • • Includes, crabs, shrimp, isopods, amphipods Two pairs of antennae Head Thorax and abdomen Swimmerets, gills Separate sexes Phylum Echinodermata • Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchin, sea cucumbers, sea lilies • Unique characteristics; spiny endoskeleton, water vascular system, secondary or biradial symmetry Class Ateroidea • Sea star • Water vascular system: system of canals and tube feet used for locomotion, food gathering and excretion Class Echinoidea • Sea urchins and sand dollars • Aristotle's Lantern (“teeth”)
