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Age of Exploration Unit Eight, Part Four Section One Motivation to Explore Age of Exploration Begins Europe saw an “Age of Exploration” from 1400-1700 Renaissance encouraged curiosity & desire for trade Due to exploration, European nations grew powerful and spread their influence throughout the world Europeans wanted to explore for three main reasons: 1. Gold (Money) 2. Glory 3. God Gold Desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for European exploration Merchants began looking for quick, direct trade routes to Asia Merchants wanted to avoid Muslim and Italian merchants and to increase profits Crusades & Renaissance led to European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods Glory Renaissance inspired new possibilities Kings sponsored voyages of exploration Kings gained overseas colonies, new sources of wealth & increased power Exploration gave Europeans the opportunity to rise from poverty and gain fame, fortune & status Demand for new land and glory led to competition between countries God During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Europe was very religious Christians wanted to stop the spread of Islam and convert non-Christians to Christianity Explorers were encouraged to spread Christianity or bring missionaries who would focus only on conversions Section Two Means to Explore Advances in Sailing & Navigation Before the Renaissance, sailors did not have the technology to sail very far from Europe Trade and cultural diffusion during the Renaissance introduced new navigation techniques to Europeans DIFFUSION: spreading of something more widely Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate Astrolabe used stars to show direction Maps were more accurate and used longitude and latitude Advances in Shipbuilding European shipbuilders built a better ship CARAVEL: strong ship that could travel in both the open seas AND in shallow water Caravels had triangular sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind A moveable rudder made the caravel more manageable Cannons and rifles gave ships protection Section Three Explorers in the Age of Exploration Portuguese Exploration Portugal was an early leader in the Age of Exploration BARTOLOMEU DIAS: early Portuguese explorer who was the first person to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR: most enthusiastic supporter of exploration in Portugal; son of Portugal’s king Prince Henry brought in Europe’s best map-makers, shipbuilders and sailing technology He wanted to discover new territory, find a quick trade route to Asia and expand Portugal’s power Portuguese Exploration Prince Henry’s navigation school & funding of voyages led the Portuguese to be the 1st to explore the west coast of Africa VASCO da GAMA: 1st explorer to find a direct trade route to Asia by going around Africa to get to India Portugal gained a sea route to Asia that brought them great wealth Portugal went on to create colonies along the African coast, in Brazil, and the Spice Islands in Asia COLONY: area or region under control of another country Spanish Exploration Spanish government saw Portugal’s wealth and did not want to be left out Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain supported overseas expeditions more than any other European monarch CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS: Spanish explorer who believed that he could reach Asia by sailing west from Spain Reached the Bahamas in America and thought it was India Columbus made 4 trips to America, never knowing he wasn’t in India Spanish Exploration Ferdinand Magellan still thought he could reach Asia by sailing west FERDINAND MAGELLAN: first explorer to circumnavigate the earth CIRCUMNAVIGATE: sail all the way around Spain created colonies in North and South America Spain sent explorers called conquistadors to the New World to find gold, claim land, and spread Christianity Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizarro conquered empires in Central and South America Influx of gold made Spain the most powerful country in Europe during early years of the Age of Exploration Northern European Exploration England, France & the Netherlands became involved in overseas exploration and colonization French explorer Samuel de Champlain searched Canada for a northwest passage to Asia French would soon create a large colony from Canada to New Orleans Unlike other European nations where kings paid for colonies, English colonies were paid for by citizens who formed jointstock companies English colonies formed along Atlantic Coast by colonists motivated by religion or wealth Northern European Exploration JAMES COOK: English explorer and first European to make contact with Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii Netherlands allowed private companies to fund exploration Dutch had colonies in America and Africa, but the Dutch East India Company dominated trade in Asia DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY: trading company chartered by the British in 1600 that developed and dominated trade in India As a result of the Age of Exploration, European knowledge and influence around the world increased greatly