Download II. The Multivariate Normal Distribution

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The general form of contours for a bivariate normal
probability distribution where the variables have
equal variance (11 = 22) is relative easy to derive:
~
First we need the eigenvalues of 
Σ - λI = 0 or
2
σ11 - λ
σ12
2
0 = σ
=
σ
λ
σ


11
12
σ
λ
12
11
=  λ - σ11 - σ12   λ - σ11 + σ12 
so λ1 = σ11 + σ12, λ2 = σ11 - σ12
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