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PUBLIC
SPEAKING
“I’ll pay more for a person’s ability to
speak and express himself than for
any other quality he might possess.”
-- Charles M. Schwab
Why Study
Public Speaking?
Empowerment
 Achieves desired goals
 “Advantage” over
competition
 Shows confidence
 Shows conviction
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Why Study
Public Speaking?
Corporations want skilled speakers:
To adapt information
To be organized, and
To keep listeners interested
Communication: top skill sought by
employers
How does Public
Speaking differ from
conversation?
Public Speaking is planned:
More practice
More preparation
More research
Public Speaking is formal:
 Less slang & casual language
 More physical distance between
speaker and audience
 More controlled gestures and
movements
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In Public Speaking,
the speaker and audience roles are
clearly defined:
 Expectations well-established
 Behaviors stable
 Speaker and audience
follow rules more
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Communication is a
process
Of Action
Of Interaction
Of Transaction
The Communication Process
Communication as ACTION
 One-way messages (linear)
 The Speaker is the SOURCE
 The Message is the SPEECH
 The Channel is how the message is
transmitted = visually & auditory
 The Receiver is the AUDIENCE
 Noise: Anything the INTERFERES
 External--actual noise
 Internal--internal distractions within listeners
Model of
Communication
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Jacobson, Susan. unix.temple.edu/~susanj/jou55/model.jpg
Communication as Interaction
The speaker sends the message
and the receiver gives feedback.
Speakers & audiences are affected by the
Context -- the environment or situation
in which the speech is given.
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jpg
The Communication Process
Communication as Transaction
Communication happens
simultaneously
Speakers & audience constantly
send and receive verbal &
nonverbal messages.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Source
The Birth of Public speaking
4th Century B.C.
The “Golden Age” of Rhetoric
 Plato’s writings influence the development of Western
philosophy & culture.
 Plato & Socrates developed the Socratic method.
 Artistotle formulated guidelines for speakers
that we still follow today.
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Rhetoric: use of words and symbols to achieve a goal.
15th Century
Public speaking
used mostly
by clergy.
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18th Century
Public Speaking used by American
patriots to promote independence.
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19th Century
Public Speaking played a role in
abolition and suffrage movements.
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20th Century
Television becomes a force in public
speaking.
War & civil rights issues.
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2qv
yh_enemy-image-3-of-5_news
Public Speaking &
Diversity
Different audiences have
different expectations.
Speakers must adapt
to audiences.
Audience-centeredness
is key.
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CartoonStock.com
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Improving Your
Confidence
Nervousness is normal.
Public speaking is number one in
highest anxiety.
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Understanding Your
Nervousness
Brain triggers
body
Communication
apprehension
(CA): fear of
speaking
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Build Your Confidence
Before your speech:
 Don’t delay preparing.
 Learn as much as you can about your
audience.
 Pick a comfortable and familiar topic.
 Rehearse your speech.
 Present a structured speech.
Other Advice
 Be familiar with introduction and
conclusion.
 Simulate actual speech conditions.
 Breathe deeply.
 Think and act calm.
 Picture positive outcomes.
 Reassure yourself mentally (with a pep
talk).
Finally
During the speech:
 Focus on content, not fears.
 Look for supportive audience members.
After the speech:
 Reflect on positives.
 Seek other speaking opportunities.
Work Cited
Material adapted from Instructor’s
Classroom Kit for:
Beebe, Steven A. and Susan J. Beebe. Public
Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach,
Custom Edition. Boston: Pearson Education,
Inc., 2009.