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Chapter 1: Communication Perspectives COMM3 Verderber, Sellnow, and Verderber © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcomes LO1-1 LO1-2 LO1-3 LO1-4 Describe the nature of communication Explain the communication process Identify the characteristics of communication Use the major tenets of ethical communication to create and evaluate messages LO1-5 Create a plan to increase communication competence © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-1 Communication Communication is a complex process through which we express, interpret, and coordinate messages with others to create shared meaning, meet social goals, manage personal identity, and carry out our relationships. © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-1 The Nature of Communication • Messages are the verbal utterances, visual images, and nonverbal behaviors used to convey thoughts and feelings. • Encoding is the process of creating messages and decoding is the process of interpreting them. • Feedback is a reaction and response to a message that indicates how the message was interpreted. © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-1 Communication Settings • Communication settings differ based on the number of participants and the level of formality in the interactions. – Intrapersonal communication – Interpersonal communication – Small-group communication – Public communication – Mass communication © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-2 The Communication Process The communication process is a complex set of three different and interrelated activities intended to result in shared meaning. These subprocesses are affected by the channels used and by interference/noise. © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-2 Channels • Channels are both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation. Face-to-face communication has three basic channels: – Verbal symbols – Nonverbal cues – Visual images © 2011 Cengage Learning © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-2 Interference (Noise) • Interference or noise is any stimulus that interferes with the process of sharing meaning. – External noises are sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw people’s attention away from the message – Internal noises are thoughts and feelings that draw people’s attention away from the message. – Semantic noises are emotional distractions aroused by specific word choices. © 2011 Cengage Learning © 2014 Cengage Learning FIGURE 1.1 Model of Communication © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-4 Communication and Ethics • Ethics is a set of moral principles that may be held by a society, a group, or an individual. Ethical communicators: – Are truthful and honest – Act with integrity – Behave fairly – Demonstrate respect – Are responsible © 2014 Cengage Learning FIGURE 1.3 Understanding Dark Side Messages © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-5 Communication Competence • Communication competence is the impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation. • Communication is effective when it achieves its goals and appropriate when it conforms to what is expected in a situation. © 2014 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1-5 Communication Apprehension • Communication apprehension is “the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others.” • • • • Traitlike Audience-based Situational Context-based © 2014 Cengage Learning