Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Inter-Personal Communication Capt. Ted Spitzmiller Communications 1 Communication • What is it? • How is it accomplished? • What are the factors? • What are the barriers to effective communications? Communications 2 Communication • Transferring information from one person to another that leads to – some outcome – changed behaviour – changed practice • Includes – transfer of information – understanding – acting upon Communications 3 Types of Communication • Formal Communication – established and agreed channels and/or procedures • Informal Communication – channels not formally recognised – ‘the grapevine’ Communications 4 Communication Process Change in Landing Checklist E-mail Encoding Decoding Knowledge Attitude Skill Socio-Cultural Knowledge Attitude Skill Socio-Cultural Medium Channel Sender Receiver Feedback Communications 5 Communication Channels/Medium • Verbal – face to face – Body language – Group meetings • Written – – – – Notice boards Letters Memo Report • Electronic (Internet) – Visual (Video/video conferencing) – Audio (phone) – Email Communications 6 Choice of Medium affected by: • Need for record • Direction of the information flow • Number of people to be reached • Confidentiality • Nature of the information – length, complexity, speed of transfer • Cost of the medium Communications 7 Fundamentals of Communication • Perception • Expectation • Makes demands • Communication and information are different and largely opposite, yet interdependent (Source: Peter F. Drucker, ‘Management’, Pan, 1977) Communications 8 Barriers to Successful Communication • Filtering • Selective Perception • Information Overload • Defensiveness • Language • Jargon Communications 9 Key to Effective Communication • Knowledge • Attitude • Skill • Socio-Cultural • A good rapport • Honesty Communications 10 Short Break The engine quit over the lake on final approach The pre-landing checklist didn’t say to turn the fuel pump on! Communications 11 More Barriers • Ability of sender – how much sender understands of message to be send • Content – including technicalities and jargon • Method of communication – including style and body language where appropriate! • Skills and attitude of the receiver • Organizational factors – complexity of the organization, scope of organization • Cultural attitudes • Perceptions, prejudices and stereotypes • Inappropriate target for the message Communications 12