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Module 2 –
Dale’s Cone of Experience,
Pie Graph on Senses and Perception,
Barriers to Communication,
Instructional Media in the Classroom
by:
Roxan A. Consolacion
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Label Edgar Dale’s “Cone of
Experience” .
Describe the Pie graph on senses and
perception and its implication in the
learning process.
Enumerate barriers to communication.
Identify advantages and disadvantages
of instructional media in the classroom.
The Cone of Experience
The cone of experience is a pictorial device
use to explain the interrelationships of the
various types of audio-visual media, as
well as their individual “positions” in the
learning process.
The cone's utility in selecting instructional
resources and activities is as practical
today as when Dale created it.
Pie Graph on Senses and
Perception
1.5%
3.5%
1.5%
Sight
Sound
Smell
11%
Touch
Taste
83%
Retention Rate Levels

involve in various learning activities.
Researchers found out that the most
effective approaches – resulting in 75%
and 90% retention rates, respectively –
are learning by doing and learning by
teaching others (Danielson, 2002 as cited
by Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007).
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Reading
Hearing
Seeing
Hearing
and
Seeing
Saying
Hearing
Saying
Doing
Barriers to Communication
1. Physical Barriers
time
 Environment

2. Perceptual
- viewing what is said from your own
mindset
3. Cultural
 different model/image of the world
and its relations
 different values and their hierarchy
 different social norms, rules and
rituals formal and informal that
affect behavior and regulate an
entire system of interaction
4. Linguistic
- don't speak the same language,
speaks on different level or use different
vocabulary, which means that symbols
(words) used to pass information and their
arrangement may have no meaning or
different meaning
5. Social
- represent different social groups
which may differ their:
- general behavior as effect of
different social norms, rules and
customs, standards, beliefs
and priorities
- background and education
- use of language and level of its
knowledge
6. Individual / Personal
- physical and mental abilities
- preferences
- values and their hierarchy
- different model/image of the world
- general behavior and emotional states
- background and education
- different use of language and the level
of its knowledge
- different communication skills, which
can be divided as follows:
Knowledge of:
interlocutor
purpose
topic
abilities to:
 anticipate objections
 achieve credibility
 give full attention, give and get feedback
 follow through what was said
 communicate a little at a time
 use multiple communication techniques
 present information in several ways
 detect emotional states
 understand possible differences in
perception
- abilities to avoid:
muddled messages
stereotyping
wrong sub-channel
wrong language
- other attitudes:
making eye-contact
giving prompts, i.e. nodding, smiling,
etc.
7. Gender Barriers
- differences between the speech
patterns of males and females
female – speaks between
22,000 & 25,000 words/day
male
– speaks between
7,000 & 10,000 words/day