Download Elements of Communication

CA2003 Presentation Technique
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Public Speaking
A. Chulamani Chantarawandi
A. Autcha Sudhankitara (A.JIG)
www.caad.au.edu ---> CA2003
The course material is for non-commercial use only.
Any public display, adaptation and distribution of the material is not allowed for any purposes.
Objectives
• Speakers should be able to understand the
importance of public speaking and to explain
the definitions of communication, levels of
communication, elements of communication
and critical practice of public speaker.
Why Study Public Speaking?
• Personal Benefits
• Professional Benefits
• Public Benefits
Personal Benefits
• Public speaking can help you acquire skill important
to your success in college.
• Public speaking can help build your confidence.
• Public speaking can help you become more
knowledgeable.
Professional Benefits
• Many studies provide a strong relationship between
communication competence and career success.
• Communication skills are approved at the top of the
list as the most important consideration in hiring an
employee.
Professional Benefits (cont.)
• Oral communication plays a critical
role in your professional life.
• This course will instruct you in two
vital skills: public speaking and
listening.
Public Benefits
• Public speaking can help you play your role as a
member of society. It helps creating and
sustaining a society of informed, active citizens.
Definitions of Communication
The process of sharing
meaning by sending
and receiving symbolic
cues
Communicate comes
from the Latin verb
communicare, meaning
to make common to many,
share, impart, divide.
The Triangle of Meaning
Interpretator
(Speaker or Listener)
Symbol
Referent
George L. Grice, John F. Skinner., (2013) Mastering Public Speaking. 8th ed., pp.5
Interpreter
• Any person using symbols to
send or receive messages.
• It refers to both the sender
and the receiver.
Symbols
Authority
• Anything to which people attach
meaning.
• It can be pictures, drawings, or objects.
• Colors can even function as symbols.
Referent
• The object or idea each
interpreter attaches to a
symbol.
• The referent depends on each
individual’s knowledge and
experience.
Referent
Referent
Referent
Referent
Referent
Communication is clearest when the interpreters involved
attach similar referent to the message being communicated.
Levels of Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Group
Public
Mass
Intrapersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Online instant message
between you and your
friend
Group Communication
Public Communication
Mass Communication
Elements of Communication
• Communication is a simultaneous process in which
people interact with and through symbols over time
to create meaning.
• People send and receive message concurrently.
When one is listening, one is simultaneously
expressing one’s thoughts and feelings nonverbally.
• Communication is we-oriented rather than meoriented.
Elements of Communication
George L. Grice, John F. Skinner., (2013) Mastering Public Speaking. 8th ed., pp.11
Elements of Communication
Speaker
• The job of speaker is to encode or
translate ideas and images in his/her
mind.
• Speaker creates verbal or nonverbal
symbol (a code) that listener can
recognize.
Elements of Communication
Message
• Message is the ideas communicated.
• If a speaker has trouble finding words
to convey his/her ideas or sends
contradictory nonverbal cues,
listeners may not be able to decode or
translate verbal/nonverbal symbols
into his/her ideas.
Elements of Communication
Listener
• Receiver is the individual audience.
• The decoding of the message will rely
on his/her own particular blend of past
experience, attitudes, beliefs, and
values.
• To achieve the goal in public speaking,
speaker should be receiver- or
audience- centered.
Elements of Communication
Feedback
• Feedback includes all messages, verbal
and nonverbal, sent by listeners to
speakers.
• It can be the facial expressions, nods,
murmurs of the audience.
• Skillful public speakers adjust their rate
of speaking, volume, vocabulary, and
other variables to communicate their
message successfully.
Elements of Communication
Channel
Channel is the medium that a message is
transmitted from sender to receiver.
•There are two channels: visual and
auditory:
Visual: Receiver sees the speaker’s
nonverbal cues and/or visual aids and
decode them.
Auditory: Receiver hears words and/or
vocal cues and decode them.
Elements of Communication
Environment
1.
The occasion during which the communication
occurs (why people are gather)
2.
Social context; The larger social context which the
communication take place
3.
The physical setting where the communication
occurs (size of the room, number of people,
seating arrangement, form of noise, light, and etc.)
Elements of Communication
Noise
Noise is anything that interferes the
message.
Some noise is always present:
1.Physical noise is distractions originating in
the communication environment.
2.Physiological noise is distractions
originating in the bodies of communicators.
3.Psychological noise is distractions
originating in the thoughts of
communicators.
The Public Speaker as Critical Thinker
• Critical Thinking
– The logical, reflective examination of
information and ideas to determine what
to believe or do.
Critical Thinking Skills
This skill. . .
enables you to. . .
1. Focusing
Define problems, set goals,
select information
2. Information
Gathering
Formulate questions, collect
data
3. Remembering
Store and retrieve information
4. Organizing
Arrange information
Critical Thinking Skills
…continued
This skill. . .
enables you to. . .
5. Analyzing
Clarify existing information
6.Generating
Use prior knowledge
7.Integrating
Combine, summarize, and
restructure information
8.Evaluating
Assess the quality of ideas
What’s The Take Home Message?
• Public speaking skills can help you personally,
professionally, publicly
• Communication is the process of shared meaning
• There are five levels of communication
• There are seven elements of communication
• Public speaking exercises eight critical thinking
skills
CA2003 PRESENTATION TECHNIQUE
INDIVIDUAL SPEECH
A Compilation by A. Chulamani Chantarwandi as students’ supplements for CA2003
Presentation Technique (2013). Intended for Non-Commercial Use Only.
CA2003 Presentation Technique
INDIVIDUAL SPEECH
Self-Introductory Speech (3 minutes)
Task:
Select an object that relates to your background,
personality, values, ambitions, etc. and use it to
introduce yourself. Bring your selected item for
your presentation.
Methods:
Extemporaneous + Object
Submit:
Speech Script (A4 Size Paper)
Due:
January 14th, 16th, 2013
•No Script = No Grade *
•Late Submission = 50% Deduction of Total Score
CA2003 Presentation Technique
INDIVIDUAL SPEECH
Speech Evaluation (5%)
Relationship (speaker and object) 2.5 %
Delivery
1.5 %
Object Display
1%