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Organizational Engineering
using Sociometric Badges
Benjamin N. Waber, Daniel Olguín Olguín, Taemie Kim,
Akshay Mohan, Koji Ara, and Alex (Sandy) Pentland
MIT Media Laboratory – Human Dynamics Group
NetSci 2007
Motivation
Quantification of social systems
• Surveys
– Subjective
– Inaccurate
• Human observation
– Subjective
– Does not scale
• Electronic communication (E-Mail, IM, etc.)
– Incomplete
– Representative of face-to-face interaction?
Sociometric Badge
Sociometric Badge (Olguín et al., 2007)
– Multiple sensing capabilities
– Communication capability
– Bluetooth enabled
Experiment
• Deployed the Sociometric Badge for one month in a German
bank’s marketing division
– 22 employees
– Interesting physical layout
• Obtained e-mail records from a concurrent study (Oster, 2007)
• Subjective performance and satisfaction survey administered
daily
Total Communication
Ad campaign planning: Face-to-face communication on top, email on bottom
Total Communication
Ad campaign execution: Face-to-face communication on top, email on bottom
Total Communication
Full Month Visualization
Results: Total Communication
• Total communication highly negatively
correlated with job and interaction
satisfaction (r = -0.48, -0.53, p < 0.05)
• Betweeness was negatively correlated with
interaction satisfaction (r = -0.49, p < 0.05)
• Inter-status communication was also
negatively correlated with interaction
satisfaction
(r = -0.64, p < 0.005)
• Proximity was highly negatively correlated
with e-mail communication
(r = -0.55, p < 0.01)
General Findings
• Face-to-face ties had a moderate negative
correlation with e-mail ties
(r = -0.19, p < 0.05)
• Individual inter-status availability ties and email ties were highly positively correlated
when both were present
(r = 0.64, p < 0.0001)
Future Work
• Analyze data at finer level of detail to identify
mirroring and turn taking behaviors
• Implement a social network optimization
framework that operates on this data
• Create individual feedback tools
(Kim et al., 2007)
• Perform additional experiments
– Data Server Configuration firm
– Student group exercises at Harvard (with Katz and
Lazer)
Conclusions
• The Sociometric badge is a powerful and
efficient data collection platform
• E-Mail data is not representative of face-toface interaction
• Total communication is an important predictor
of perceived productivity and satisfaction
Thank You!
Questions?