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Context-Aware Communication Patrick Malatack Key Idea • • Communication is a killer app for ubicomp Example activities: – Staying in touch – Coordinating with friends and family – Being aware of activities of friends and family • Non-ubicomp evidence – Popularity of Social Networking web sites – Popularity of sharing sites – Popularity of Blogs / Message boards Problems with Keeping in Touch • Irrelevant messages – Vacation mail, surveys, junk email • Interruptions – During meetings, concerts, movies, dinner, driving • Lack of awareness on callee side – Phone tag, time zone issue (oops!) • Information overload – Can make it hard to find useful messages (ex. delayed flight) • Device overload – Fax, email, landline phone, mobile phone, IM Readings • Context Aware Computing – 2002, looked at field of context-aware communication specifically and attempted to define and characterize field. – Presented history of devices and inventions in the field – Articulated design principles for C-A Communication • Social Disclosure of Place: From Location Technology to Communication Practices – 2005, designed, developed, evaluated a system for disclosing you location to other people based on user defined settings – Out of PlaceLab Context-Aware Communication • Main idea: – Use sensors and other pieces of context… – to improve awareness of and communication with others… – while minimizing overload, irrelevancy, and interruptions “C-A Comm” Working Definition • • “C-A Communication” applications apply knowledge of people’s context (and activities) to reduce person-toperson communication barriers C-A Communication is subset of C-A Computing – Does not include, e.g., control of environment, or apps that filter information about nearby restaurants and printers • Information versus communication – Is the chirping Lovegety an information or communication device? • Article takes broad view of communication Less Privacy Context-Aware Comm Dimensions Less Common Sense C-A Communication Research Grouped by application types • • • • • Routing Addressing Messaging Caller Awareness Screening Routing directing communication to nearby & appropriate devices • • • Follow ing Callers on PARC’s Etherphone System Olivetti’s Active Badge Aiding a Telephone Receptionist Ubiquitous Message Delivery PARC Etherphone (Swinehart, et al. 1987) 1 • • 50 Etherphones Location registered by – Logging in – “Visiting” • • 2 Etherphone 1 – Autonomous routing (action) – Manual sensing • Etherphone 2 – Autonomous routing (action) – Autonomous sensing Distinctive ring tones • • More brittle New defaults for visitors ORL Active Badge “Aid to a receptionist” (Want & Hopper 1992) • • • Infrared emitting badges and network of receivers Initial application was an “Aid for a telephone receptionist” Give a person info for tracking down callee • Receptionist 1 – Autonomous sensing – Manual routing • Receptionist 2 – Autonomous sensing – Autonomous routing • • Less intelligent People wanted to control based on who they were with, where they are, etc. -> more work Addressing targeting communication at appropriate people • • Context-Aware Mailing List PARCTAB Virtual Whiteboard Context-Aware Mailing List (Dey, Abowd & Salber 2001) • • In-out board using iButton RF tags Dynamic e-mail list for directing email to people who are in the building – “let’s get lunch” – “talk in 5 minutes” • C-A Mailing List – Triggered autonomous action – (could be) Autonomous sensing Messaging providing the right message at the right time • • Contextual Reminder Messages in CybreMinder MIT’s Active Messenger CybreMinder (Dey 2000) • • • • To-do items associated with location and context Can be sent to other people Context include “forecast is for rain and Bob is leaving home.” CybreMinder – Autonomous sensing – Autonomous action (delivery) Providing Awareness Allows others to determine availability to talk • • • • Awareness with AwareNex Audio Aura Triggering Real World Meetings with Roomotes LoveGety Erfolg’s LoveGety (Awareness) • • • • Many spinoffs like Party Bapp-X and Media Lab’s Meme Tag A Japanese toy (circa 1998) for meeting people, beeps when a compatible partner is nearby. Detects other devices in a 15 foot range and “bleep” Blue and Pink models (blue only responds to pink and vice versa) 3 Modes: – Chat mode: if you're interested in meeting someone for conversation – Karaoke mode: if you're looking for a "playmate," – Get-get mode: for those looking to move straight away into something a bit more intimate. Audio Aura (Mynatt 1999) • • • Auditory cues as people walk around an office place Going to an empty office creates an audio cue about how long it has been empty A “group pulse” if people are meeting – Automated sensing – Little automated communication Screening Users determine wether or not they want to talk • • Calls.Calm making Caller-Callee Calm Context-Call Calls.Calm (Pedersen 2001) • • • • Calls.Calm uses web phones to mediate communication with subscribers. A person (a) selects who to call and (b) is greeted by the callees contact page contextualized and customized for the caller; or if the caller is unknown, (c) a generic page. 5 Design Considerations 1. Improving relevance – Deciding when a communication is relevant to the person’s current (or near future) situation. – For example, getting notification about an email from your travel agent regarding itinerary changes while packing to leave for the airport. 2. 3. 4. 5. Minimizing disruption Improving awareness Reducing overload Selecting channels 5 Design Considerations 1. 2. Improving relevance Minimizing disruption – Deciding when and how to notify people that they have a communication. – For example, your phone should vibrate and not ring, when you are at the symphony (unless it is truly urgent). 3. 4. 5. Improving awareness Reducing overload Selecting channels 5 Design Considerations 1. 2. 3. Improving relevance Minimizing disruption Improving awareness – Deciding what information and mechanisms can help people make intelligent communication decisions. – For example, the caller should be told you are at the movies before the call goes through. 4. 5. Reducing overload Selecting channels 8/26/02 context-aware communication 23 5 Design Considerations 1. 2. 3. 4. Improving relevance Minimizing disruption Improving awareness Reducing overload – Deciding how to reduce the number of communications that don’t apply given your context. – For example, filtering out emails about going to lunch when you are away from the office (or already at lunch). 5. Selecting channels 8/26/02 context-aware communication 24 5 Design Considerations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Improving relevance Minimizing disruption Improving awareness Reducing overload Selecting channels – Deciding which communication device should be used to get in touch with somebody. – For example, routing calls to your home phone instead of your cell phone when you are at home and cellular reception is poor. 8/26/02 context-aware communication 25 Social Disclosure of Place • Reno – J2me application – Nokia 6600 – Cell tower based location estimation – Always on – “avoid real privacy threats” – Minimize deployment barriers QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Social Disclosure of Place • Study design – 8 members – Project members or families – 5 were members of the team – Disclosure based on relationship – Accidental disclosures occurred – 8 disclosures a day on average QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.