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PUBLIC SPEAKING
Speaking in Public
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The Field of Communication
• Intrapersonal
– One person
– Immediate feedback
– Psychology
• Interpersonal
– Two people
– Relatively quick and true feedback
– Interpersonal communication
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The Field of Communication
• Small group communication
– 3-12 (18) people
– Somewhat delayed/monitored feedback
– Small group, Business communication
• Public speaking
– 12 + people
– Limited feedback
– Public speaking, debate, theater
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The Field of Communication
• Mass Communication
– Lots and lots
– Little feedback, could be very delayed
– TV/Radio production, journalism, theater
• Intercultural
– Variable, but from another culture
– Variable, possibly unclear
– Intercultural, sociology, anthropology
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Speakers
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The History of Public Speaking
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Goal is to spread thoughts, ideas, and influence
Oldest handbook: Egypt- 2,500 BCE
Aristotle’s rhetoric
Cicero, Quintillian, St. Augustine, Bacon, Burke
Roosavelt, Chavez, King, Reagan, Thatcher,
Mandella, Obama
• Becoming more scientific
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Public Speaking & Conversation
Similarities:
–Organizing thoughts logically
–Tailoring message to audience
–Telling story for maximum impact
–Adapting to feedback
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Public Speaking & Conversation
Similarities:
–Organizing thoughts logically
–Tailoring message to audience
–Telling story for maximum impact
–Adapting to feedback
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Public Speaking & Conversation
Differences:
– Public speaking more highly structured
– Public speaking requires more
formal language
– Public speaking requires
different method of delivery
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Critical Thinking
• Focused, organized thinking
• Relationships among ideas
• Soundness of evidence
• Differences between fact, opinion
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Speech Communication Process
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Speaker
Idea
Encoding
Frame of
Reference
• Channel
• Message
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Listener
Decoding
Feedback
Interference
Situation
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Speech Communication Process
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Speech Communication Process
IDEA
ENCODE
DECODE
IDEA
Channel
Message
Feedback
IDEA
IDEA
Feedback
Feedback
DECODE
ENCODE
SITUATION
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Speaking in Public
• What are the 3 greatest fears for
Americans
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Stage Fright
Anxiety over prospect of speaking in
front of audience
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Reducing Speech Anxiety
• Acquire experience
• Prepare, prepare, prepare
• Think positively
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Reducing Speech Anxiety
• Use power of visualization
• Know that most nervousness is not
visible
• Don’t expect perfection
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