Download Introduction to Interpersonal Communication

Beebe/Beebe/Redmond
Presentation Prepared by:
Jill Harms, Iowa State University
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rights reserved.
Chapter 4:
Interpersonal Communication
and Diversity: Adapting to
Others
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Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe five human differences that influence
communication.
Define culture and identify and describe the
six dimensions of culture.
List and describe barriers that inhibit effective
intercultural communication.
Identify and apply strategies for developing
knowledge, motivation, and skills that can
improve intercultural competence.
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Strangers, people different from us, stir up fear,
discomfort, suspicion, and hostility. They make us
lose our sense of security just by being “other.”
Henri J. M. Nouwen
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A Diversity Almanac
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2/3 of the immigrants on this planet come to
the United States
More than 30% of graduate assistants teaching
in the universities in the United States are
foreign born
One out of every eight United States residents
speaks a language other than English at home
Non-Hispanic whites constitute a minority of
the population in Texas, New Mexico, and
California
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A Diversity Almanac (Continued)
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Gay men make up from 1 to 9 percent of the
general male population and lesbians make up
from 1 to 5 percent of the general female
population
One in seven marriages occurs between
spouses of different races or ethnicities
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Understanding Diversity:
Describing Our Differences
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Sex and gender
Sexual orientation
Race and ethnicity
 Discrimination
Age
Social class
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Summary of Generational
Characteristics
Matures
1925-1942
Baby Boomers
1943-1960
work hard; have a sense
of duty; willing to
sacrifice; have a sense of
what is right; work
quickly
value personal
fulfillment and
optimism; crusade for
causes; buy now, pay
later; support equal
rights for all; work
efficiently
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Summary of Generational
Characteristics (Continued)
Generation X
1961-1981
Millennials
1982-2002
live with uncertainty;
consider balance
important; live for today;
save; consider every job
as a contract
close to their parents;
feel “special”; are goaloriented; are teamoriented; focus on
achievement
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Understanding Culture:
Dimensions of Our Mental
Software
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Culture
Worldview
Co-Culture
Enculturation
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Understanding Culture:
Dimensions of Our Mental
Software (Continued)
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Individualism: One and many
Context: High and low
Gender: Masculine and feminine
Uncertainty: High and low tolerance
Power: Centralized and decentralized
Time: Short-term and long-term
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Intercultural Communication

Communication between or among people
who have different cultural traditions.
 Culture shock
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Barriers to Effective
Intercultural Communication
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Ethnocentrism
Different communication codes
Stereotyping and prejudice
Assuming similarities
Assuming differences
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How to Enhance the Quality of
Online Intercultural Relationships
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Provide more explicit verbal references to your
feelings and emotions
Consider asking more questions than you
normally would to clarify meanings and the
interpretation of messages
Use “small talk” to build a relationship
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How to Enhance the Quality of
Online Intercultural Relationships
(Continued)
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Summarize and paraphrase messages that you
receive to increase the accuracy of the message
content
Remember and respect the difference between
your time zone and the other person’s time
zone
If you find a relationship is awkward or you
notice an increase in conflict, use the richest
medium you have
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Intercultural Communication
Competence

Ability to adapt one’s behavior toward another
in ways that are appropriate to the other
person’s culture.
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Are Human Emotions Universal?
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Improving Intercultural
Communication Competence

Develop knowledge
 Seek information
 Ask questions and listen effectively
 Create a “third culture”
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Improving Intercultural
Communication Competence
(Continued)

Developing motivation: strategies to accept
others
 Tolerate ambiguity
 Be mindful
 Avoid negative judgments
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Improving Intercultural
Communication Competence
(Continued)

Develop skill
 Develop creative flexibility
 Become other-oriented
Social decentering
Empathy
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Improving Intercultural
Communication Competence
(Continued)

Develop skill (continued)
 Appropriately adapt your communication
Adapt
Communication accommodation theory
Adapt predictively
Adapt reactively
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End Show
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rights reserved.