Download Ch 7 Powerpoint

1.
2.
3.
4.
Get plenty of
detentions in class.
Begin studying early
and reviewing often
(correct answer).
Eat your study guide
without looking at it
first.
Bring Mrs. Oehler a
cookie.
Unit Review
Han
Dynasty
Period of
Disunion
Sui
Dynasty
Tang
Dynasty
Song
Dynasty
Yuan
Ming
Dynasty Dynasty

Confucianism:
• Practical philosophy on life and government.
• Deals with 5 key relationships (ruler/subject; parent/child; husband/wife;
sibling/sibling; friend/friend).
• Focused on traditions of respect and hard work.

Buddhism:
•
•
•
•

Arrives in China from India.
Teaches that the world is essentially suffering.
All people are on a path towards enlightenment (Nirvana).
Essential part of achieving enlightenment is overcoming personal desires.
Daoism:
• Believe that society prospers when people have harmony with nature
• Correct path (the Way or the Dao) is found in harmony between oneself and
nature.
• Yin / Yang: opposing forces (light/dark; cold/heat; etc.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Buddhism stressed military
honor and Confucianism
stresses charitable deeds
Confucianism stresses ethical
behavior and Buddhism stresses
a spiritual outlook that promises
escape from suffering (correct
answer)..
Buddhism teaches people to
value public service while
Confucianism teaches that
personal satisfaction is most
important.
Confucianism places high value
on artistic talents and Buddhism
teaches one to ignore art.
 After
Han Dynasty collapses – China splits
into several rival kingdoms (Period of
Disunion)
 Period of Disunion:
• New nomads settle in N. China – Many N. Chinese
move to S. China
• Cultural blending leads to new types of art, music,
clothing, food, etc.
• Buddhism becomes popular belief – liked
Buddhism’s teaching that people could
escape/overcome suffering.
 Sui
Dynasty:
• Ended Period of Disunion – Emperor Yang Jian
• Began the building of the Grand Canal to
connect northern and southern China.
 Grand Canal connects major cities and major rivers – leads to
easier transportation (trade, cultural blending, spreading
ideas/technology)
 Tang
Dynasty:
• Large scale growth of controlled land.
• “Golden Age” of China.
• Unified China by: military reform, law codes,
land reform (equal field system).
• Included only woman to rule China (Empress
Wu).
 Song
Dynasty:
• Reunified China again after brief period of
chaos.
• Like Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was a
period of great accomplishment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Only lasted a few
years.
Was marked by
great bloodshed.
Reunified China,
ending a period of
conflict between
kingdoms (correct
answer).
Was a period of few
cultural
accomplishments
 Agriculture:
• Song Dynasty – farming reached new heights
due to advances in irrigation.
 Underground wells to provide water for crops.
 Dragonbone Pump – pump that allowed farms to take water
from streams/rivers/wells, and place it into irrigation ditches to
water crops.
 Amount of land increases under Song and crops became more
efficient = surplus of food and other crops.
 Surplus crops help pay taxes and support a growing
population:
 60 million during Tang Dynasty
 100 million during Song Dynasty
 Cities
and Trade:
• Surplus crops allows Chinese to focus on other
•
•
•
•
things as well (education, medicine, art, etc.)
Trade grows along with population in cities.
Grand Canal increases trade within China – allows
remote rural areas to transport crops to cities.
China expands trade (Silk Roads) – tea, rice, spices,
jade, silk, porcelain = all big exports for China.
Song Dynasty – sea trade becomes more common =
greater connection with more distant lands (Europe)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Price of goods
increased throughout
China (correct answer).
Increased food
production supported
population growth.
Cities grew throughout
China.
The Chinese were able
to devote more time to
other things, leading
new achievements.
 Inventions:
• Woodblock Printing – form of printing where entire
pages are carved into a block of wood. (Tang)
 Precursor to the printing press.
 Allowed written sources to be more widely available – expansion
of ideas, information, technology.
• Gunpowder – originally used for fireworks, this item
was eventually used for firearms (guns) and cannons
= changed the history of war. (Tang)
• Compass – Instrument using earth’s magnetic pull to
show direction = revolutionized travel, trade, etc.
(Tang)
 Confucianism:
• Teachings on ethics, proper behavior, etc. –
•
•
•
•
translates to government structure in China.
Ren (concern for others) / Li (appropriate behavior).
Popular during Han Dynasty – loses influence during
Period of Disunion (Buddhism takes center stage).
Late Tang Dynasty = return of interest in
Confucianism.
Neo-Confucianism = develops during Tang to
combine ideas of Confucianism (behavior and
conduct) with spiritual components of Buddhism and
Daoism (meaning of life).
 Begins under Tang but becomes influential under Song.
 Official government policy of the Song.

Scholar-Officials:
• Song Dynasty = improves efficiency of government through
development of Bureaucracy.
 Bureaucracy = body of unelected government officials (selected by leaders to
be official advisors)
• Song develop civil service exam (civil service = service to
society as a government official) to help choose officials.
• Passing civil service exam meant life as a Scholar-Official
 Respected, educated member of the government.
• Civil service exam = symbolized a shift towards “meritocracy”
where people’s success in society was determined by their
hard work and effort (earning what they receive).
• Idea of meritocracy is not popular with “aristocracy” (wealthy
members of society who had previously ruled China) – felt
their power/wealth would be threatened by new system.
1.
2.
3.
4.
It created stability and
an efficient government
(correct answer).
It created a government
in which nothing was
accomplished due to
mismanagement.
It created sharp
divisions within society,
eventually leading to a
civil war.
It created a very
unstable government.

Mongols:
• Nomadic tribes from plains north of China.
• Known for being talented horsemen and warriors.
• First powerful leader of Mongols (known as a Khan) to
unite all Mongol tribes was Genghis Khan.
 Genghis Khan = amassed a large army that conquered all of north China.
 Kublai Khan = grandson of Genghis Khan; conquered remainder of China
and created the Mongol Empire.
Kublai Khan named himself Emperor of China –
this started the Yuan Dynasty.
 Chinese saw Mongols as rude and uncivilized =
resented being controlled by the Mongols.

 Yuan control of China:
• Mongols do not force Chinese to change, but they do
maintain control.
 Confucian scholars are kept from gaining too much power.
 Mongols placed heavy taxes on Chinese – these taxes were used
to fund public-works projects (like extending the Grand Canal)
 Mongol soldiers are sent throughout China to maintain peace and
keep an eye on Chinese (prevent uprisings)
 Mongols
encourage trade with foreigners
(Europeans)
 Example: Marco Polo – famous trader from Italy. Much of what
we know about China is as a result of his writings about his
journeys to China.
 Marco Polo helps change perception of China - writings showed
that they were advanced and not barbarians.
 Yuan
Dynasty Collapses:
• Mongols = unhappy with their land – desire to
conquer Japan.
 Attempts at conquering Japan are unsuccessful = Mongol army is
weakened in the process.
• Chinese economy is weakened by Mongol public-
works projects (example: Grand Canal expansion).
• Chinese are upset with Mongol rule and failed
economy – Mongol army is weakened due failed
conquest of Japan = people revolt.
 Chinese are able to overthrow Mongols and regain control of
their land.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Executing educated
scholars
Making the Chinese
pay large taxes
(correct answer).
Raising prices on
rice to keep Chinese
poor.
Eliminating all
public works
projects.
 Ming
Dynasty:
• Ming Dynasty focuses on exploration and ship
building.
 Greatest sailor and explorer of Ming Dynasty was Zheng He.
 Traveled as far as Persian Gulf and Africa.
 Voyages served as a sign of China’s power and advanced
culture.
• Ming also known for their grand building
projects.
 Forbidden City (built in Beijing) = palace in northern China
designed to display China’s glory and intimidate northern
neighbors.
 Restoration and expansion of the Great Wall of China –
designed to protect Chinese people from northern tribes.
 Ming
Dynasty moves towards Isolation.
 Having expelled the Mongols, Ming emperors sought
to get rid of all foreigners/foreign influence.
 Believed it would lead to greater safety and
prosperity.
• Government:
 Ming emperors = much more powerful that emperors
of Tang or Song dynasty.
 Emperors take over more control of government – use
civil service officials as imperial staff.
 Isolationism:
• 1430’s = Zheng He required to return to China
and dismantle fleet.
• Official policy of Isolationism put into effect.
 Consequences = Western world makes large advances in
education, technology, etc. - China does not progress as
much.
 After the last Ming emperor is overthrown, China finds itself
behind the rest of the world due to isolationism.