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Chapter 7
Rome
CHINA
Constantinople
Japan
Korea
Los Angeles
Mexico
W. Africa
Arabian
Peninsula
India
China Timeline
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China Timeline
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•The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 1. Period of
Disunion
•China split into several rival and
(220-589)
competing kingdoms ruled by
military leaders
*Disorder was
very common
•Disorder during this period of time throughout
Chinese history
•Fighting; kingdoms were divided;
separated or broken-up
* After each
dynasty
•They were not joined together as a collapsed,
union or a nation = DISUNION
another
Period of
•This time period was known as the
Disorder would
Period of Disunion
occur.
Cultural Blending
2. nomadic invaders 2. nomads
who took over
China
3. The northern
3. The northern and Chinese moved
southern China did south to escape
not adopt the
the nomadic
nomad’s culture
invaders
Cultural Blending
4. Instead, the northern
and southern Chinese
developed their own
culture by:
(a) dressing alike
(b) same music
(c) art
(d) food
(e) clothing, etc.
4. Cultural blending
#5.
3 Important Dynasties
5. Dynasties in
order
 Sui
•First Dynasty
 Tang
•Second Dynasty
 Song
•Third Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty
6. The dynasty that
6. Lasted from
ended the Period of
589-618
Disunion
(a) the emperor who (a) Yang Jian
unified China
-reunified and
- he created the Sui restored order
Dynasty
(b) this canal linked
(b) Grand Canal
northern and
-helped leaders
southern China
restore order
Sui Dynasty (589-618)
(a) reunifies/ restores order
(b) begins building the
Grand Canal linking
north and south
Tang Dynasty
7. The Tang
Dynasty
7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167
(a) this dynasty was formed
after the Sui was over thrown
(b) it lasted approx. 300 years.
(c) it grew include eastern and
central Asia
-art, learning (d) The Golden Age of
-culture
Chinese civilization
The “golden age”
1. Culture flourished
2. Capital: Chang’an (Xi’an)
a. largest city in the world
The Tang Dynasty (618- 907)
• expanded the empire into east and
central Asia
7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167
(f)
One of the
greatest rulers of
this dynasty
-conquered new land
-reformed the military
-created new laws
(f) Taizong
Empress Wu
First female
empress to rule
China
7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167
(g) first female
empress
-ruled China
with an iron
fist (very mean)
-she was not well-liked
(g)
Empress Wu
-she did not feel
her sons were
worthy to rule
when her
husband died
8. After the Tang Dynasty fell
(a) China fell into another
Period of Disunion
(b) Five Dynasties and
and Ten Kingdoms
(b) Another Period
of Disunion
-fighting
-China was
not united
9. The Song Dynasty
a) Ruled for
300 years
(
(a) China was
reunified again under
the Song Dynasty
(b) Improvements (b) Great accomplishments
-Buddhism
-helped reunify China
-Reunified
-China was united again
-Confucianism -Chinese philosophy
-Daoism
-an organized religion
that developed during
this time period
Advances in Agriculture
IV. Song Dynasty (960-1279)
Great advances in farming methods
1. wheat in the north & rice in the
south
2. A faster ripening rice was discovered,
result: 2 to 3 times more rice produced
a. population increased
10. Song Dynasty
(a) The workers during the
Song Dynasty learned to
dig underground wells
(a) advances in
agriculture
(b) dragon backbone pump
(b) Improved
technology
- allows 1 pump
to do the work of
many workers
-the pump was light &
portable
Cities and Trade
The Silk Road
11. City Life
(a) Chang’an - largest city
& capital of Tang
(b) Trade city-mix of
cultures
-China, Korea, Persia,
Arabia, Europe
12. Trade
(a) The Grand Canal
-a series of waterways that linked
major cities
-transported people, goods, crops
-enabled China to benefit from trade
-cities became richer and bigger
Grand
Canal
12. Trade (continued)
-construction began with
the Sui and Tang Dynasties
-it was built to transport rice and
other foods from the south to
feed China’s cities and armies
in the north.
-an important transportation link
(linking the north to the south)
Grand
Canal
Art and Inventions
Artists and Poets – p. 173
 Song Dynasty
Li Quingzhao
greatest female poet
 Clay figurines
 Porcelain
Important Inventions: Paper, p. 174
 Invented during Han Dynasty
 Cheap & easy way to keep records
 Made printing possible
 Made paper currency or money possible
Important Inventions: Porcelain –
p. 174
 1st made in Tang Dynasty
 Made better in Song
 Important trade item
Important Inventions: Woodblock Printing –
p. 174
 Invented in Tang Dyn-centuries before known in
Europe
 Form of printing in which an entire page is carved into
a block of wood
 Ink is applied & paper pressed onto block to create
page
 Much faster than doing it by hand
 1st known printed book in 868
Important Inventions: Gunpowder
– p. 174
 A mixture or powders used in guns or explosives
 Late Tang or early Song
 1st used to make fireworks or signals
 Not generally used as a weapon
 Later used to make bombs & rockets
 Eventually used for guns, explosives, firearms, &
cannons
 Changed how wars were fought & therefore
changed human history
Important Inventions: Moveable
Type – p. 174
 Invented in Song Dynasty
 Made printing much faster
 Carved letters could be rearranged & reused to print
many different things, like books
Important Inventions: Magnetic Compass, p. 174
 Used the earth’s
magnetic field to show
direction
 Revolutionized (changed
and improved) travel
 Allowed sailors & merchants to travel vast
(far) distances
 Most important factor that improved sailing
voyages in history
Important Inventions: Paper
Money – p. 174
 Invented by Song Dynasty
 Lighter & easier to use than coins
 Made it easier to manage their wealth
Chapter 7, Section 3
Confucianism
Confucian Ideas – p.177
 Teachings focused on ethics or proper behavior for
individuals & governments
 People should follow 2 basic principles Ren-concern for others
 Li-appropriate behavior
 Society would work best if everyone followed ren and li
Confucian Ideas – p. 177
 Everyone had a proper role in society
 Order was maintained if everyone knew their roles and
behaved appropriately
 Ex. – young people should obey their elders
 Ex. – subjects should obey their rulers
The Influence of Confucianism – p.177
 At first, his ideas not widely followed after his death
 Han Dyn.-comes into favor
 Becomes the official state philosophy
The Influence of Confucianism –
p. 177
 Period of Disunion-overshadowed by Buddhism
 Sui & early Tang-Buddhism very influential-promising
escape from suffering
 Confucianism, which stressed ethics, lost some
influence, but still important
Neo-Confucianism
–
p.
178
 Late in Tang Dyn.-renewed interest in Confucianism
 because scholars wanted to improve govt. & society
 Neo-Confucianism develops during & after the Song
Dynasty
 Neo means new
Neo-Confucianism – p. 178
 Neo-Confucianism-similar to old philosophy because
it taught proper behavior
 It also emphasized spiritual matters (new part)
 Much more influential under Song and even more
later
 Ideas became official govt. teachings after Song
Confucius Quotes
 A superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in
his actions.
 Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work
a day in your life.
 Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising
every time we fall.
 Success depends upon previous preparation, and
without such preparation there is sure to be failure.
Scholar-Officials
Scholar Officials – pp. 178-179
 Song Dyn. improved system by which people
worked for the govt.
 Workers formed a bureaucracy-body of unelected
govt. officials
 Civil Service-means service as a govt. official
 People had to pass written exams to become govt.
officials
 Students were tested on Confucianism & related
ideas
Scholar-Officials – pp. 178-179
 Tests very difficult-took years of study
 Passing meant life as a scholar-official-an educated
member of the govt.
 Scholar-officials were highly respected members of
society with many privileges
 This system ensured that talented people became govt.
officials
V. The Age of Buddhism (400-845)
A. began in India in 500bc
B. many began practicing during the
period of disunion after the fall of the Han
*these were times of trouble
*people took comfort in Buddhist
teachings and felt they can escape
and achieve a state of peace.
1. “suffering can end through cycle
of rebirth”
C. influenced art, literature, architecture
D. blended with Confucianism & Daoism
Buddhism
D. Buddhist teachings
1. a religion- based on teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha
2. Buddha means “enlightened one”
3. He lived in India 563-483 BC
4. he brought the religion to China in 200 AD
by Buddhist monks who traveled
along the Silk Road
Buddhism
this comes from the curriculum. The teacher is not pushing her personal beliefs onto the students.
5. Buddhist Teachings- 4 Noble Truths
(1) all life is suffering and pain
(2) suffering and pain are caused by
desire for wealth, pleasure, fame, power
(3) to end suffering one must overcome
desire
(4) to over come desire, one must foll the
Middle Way
Buddhism
6. The Middle Way- to have morally excellent conduct
and compassion for all
living things = calmness and purity of mind
Buddhism
7. Reincarnation- when a person dies, the soul is reborn in a
new body
8. Nirvana- the first goal is to attain nirvana = desire nothing
9. After nirvana, a person breaks the cycle of life and death;
they are no longer is reincarnated into an earthy life of
suffering
10. The final goal- to devote their lives to bring others to
enlightenment
A. Laozi- the first Daoist philosopher, 606-530 BC
Daoism
B. Teachings1. the goal in life was to achieve oneness with the Dao,
a universal force connected to nature that cannot be
defined, only experienced and felt
Daoism
2. humans should see themselves as part of nature
and should understand change as part of
everything
3. the best way for humans to find peace is by
living simply, in harmony with nature
4. observe how nature acts- sit by a river, feel a
breeze, observe a cloud drifting, etc
Daoism
5. they don’t believe in strong government, they
believe happiness and pace can be achieved by
thinging about nature and leading a balanced life
in tune with nature; not laws or rules
6. harmony comes from balanceing the opposite
forces of nature called yin and yang
Daoism
7. yin’s attributes = female, earth, dark,
cold
8. yang’s attributes = male, sky, light,
heat
VI. Achievements of the Tang & Song
1. irrigation: the dragon backbone pump
2. city life: busy trading centers
A. Persians, Arabs, Koreans, & Europeans
3. trade grew along with cities
A. exported: tea, rice, spices, jade
B. Silk & porcelain
1. kept technology a secret to control trade
4. Other inventions:
Magnetic compass- this instrument uses the
Earth’s magnetic field
to show direction; helped
travels and navigators of
ships to figure out
the direction they are going.
Woodblock printing
1.The crossbow- was invented before
Gunpowder
gunpowder. It was considered as one of
the most deadly weapons of this era
2.Fireworks- gun powder was invented
during the Tang and Song dynasty. It was
used to make fireworks
3.Warfare- gun powder was also used to
make explosive devices: flares, fireworks,
bombs, grenades, land mines; guns, etc.
Paper and
Paper Money
Invented during the Han dynasty
around 105, paper was one of the
greatest of all Chinese inventions.
It gave the Chinese a cheap and
easy way to keep records and
made printing possible.
Paper money
Printing Limited the use of Printing
Paper money, see pg. 175
1. Too much printing of paper money made the value of
the money go down, so money lost its value and
making it worthless
Write down as many details
about the following inventions
as you can…
…You will use the information for the next
project…
VII. Confucianism and Government
1. Confucius’ ideas influenced the
Song Dynasty
A. focused on two principles of ethics
1. ren: concern for others
2. li: proper behavior
Confucianism
B. Belief System- Kong Fuzi = Confucious
1. lived in China 551-479 BC
2. developed the philosophy of life and
for government
3. focused on proper conduct, respect for
elders, education, and government
service
4. he felt this would create a peaceful,
stable society
Confucianism
5. He based his ideas on ancient Chinese traditions of
respect and hard work
Confucianism
B. The Code of Behavior = 5 relationships
1. ruler and subject
2. parent and child
3. husband and wife
4. sibling and sibling
5. friend and friend
Confucianism
C. The 5 Relationships
1. he believed these relationships would be harmonious if
the people involved were loyal, courteous, honesty, faithful
and obedient to those in authority
2. he taught that harmony in the family would result in
showing respect for parents
3. if people followed these examples, then harmony,
and a stable society would be possible
2. Neo- Confucianism
A. Buddhist, Daoist, Confucius’ ideas
blended together
1. emphasized spiritual matters
a. why do good people do
bad things?
3. Scholar officials
A. educated government officials
1. civil service exams
a. those who passed became part
of bureaucracy for life
2.created a stable, efficient government
VIII. Yuan Dynasty
(1279-1368)
1. Mongol Empire
A. Genghis Khan
1. invaded from
north
2. bloody attacks
wiped out
many towns
& cities
Genghis Khan
3. He was called the “Universal Ruler”
a. he organized the Mongol army who
brutally attacked and terrorized the
people throughout Asia and
Eastern Europe killing
men, women and
children.
Genghis Kahn
 A powerful leader by the name of Genghis Khan was
able to unite the Mongols who lived in the vast plains
north of China.
B. Kublai Khan 1215-1294
1. He ruled the Yuan DynastyA. foreign rule
B. largest empire in world
historyhe unified all of China
C. he was Genghis Khan’s
grandson
D. He extended the Grand Canal
(shipping food, etc)
E. He linked China to India and
Kublai Kahn

Kublai Khan became the ruler of the Mongol
Empire and completed the conquest of China.
Marco Polo
2. Marco Polo of Italy
A. visits Kublai, tells
Europeans of a highly civilized in
China (1271-1295)
IX. The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
A. Mongols defeated
B. Forbidden City is built
C. China’s fame expands overseas
D. Great Wall rebuilt
1. to protect the country and
keep the northern tribes out
The wall appears as a thin orange band
Great Wall facts:
•Built in the 15th century
during the Ming Dynasty
•16 to 26 feet high
(area shown here)
•entire wall is about
1,864 miles long
1.The voyages of Zheng He proved how
powerful and famous China had become
2. He made several impressive voyages in
history around Asia, pg. 184
Isolationism

In the early 1400s, China entered a period of
isolationism, a policy of removing a country, from
contact with other countries.
E. Ming mistake? Pg. 186
1. Emperor forbids foreign trade
a. policy of isolation
b. isolationism- a policy of avoiding
contact with other countries
b. Was this a good policy? No,
this was a bad policy because
it had great consequences for
China. The westerners improved
their technological progress
gained power in some parts of
China who was too weak to
stop them.
Ming Dynasty
 The Ming dynasty was the prosperous and powerful
dynasty that rose after the defeat of the Mongols
Instructions:
create a timeline using
the dates from your notes
400
Han
Dynasty
220
“period of
disunion”
5 Dynasties
&
10 kingdoms
907
960
1279
Song
Dynasty
589
Age of Buddhism
618
Sui
Dynasty
907
Tang
Dynasty
1368
Yuan
Dynasty
845
1644
Ming Dynasty