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Empires of India and China Chapter 8 Growth of China Qin (pronounced Chin) dynasty 221 BC to 206 BC Unified the Chinese Empire The Qin Dynasty Leader: Shi Huangdi Means “first emperor” Ruthless, cruel, paranoid Survived many assassination attempts Shi Huang Di’s Tomb- the Terracotta Army Legalism Legalism: idea that a powerful, efficient government is the key to keeping order and control over an empire people are naturally bad Harsh rule Severe punishment No criticism of government allowed Qin Accomplishments Great Wall of China built Keeps out invaders from the North Built by peasants The Qin Empire End of the Qin Shi Huangdi died in 210 BC Peasants and nobles revolt against his harsh policies Han Dynasty Founded in 206 BC Leader is Liu Bang Ended Legalism Brought back Confucianism Chinese Culture Filial Piety – obedience to parents and elders Wealthy families sent sons to Confucian academies helped them to pass civil service tests Chinese Trade Silk Roads Trade routes from China to India, the Middle East, and Roman Empire Caravans Luxury items Silk Iron tools and weapons Jade and bronze objects Buddhism spreads to China The Silk Roads Han Achievements Paper Seismographs acupuncture Indian Empires: Mauryan Mauryan Empire 300s BCE – India has many small kingdoms Chandragupta Maurya, king of Magadha, unites India in 326 BCE Chandragupta was inspired by Alexander the Great and defeated Seleucus I, one of Alexander’s generals Mauryan Empire Had a strong central government Chandragupta advised by Kautilya, who wrote the Arthasastra A guide for rulers – advice on when to use spies, violate treaties, assassinate enemies included Mauryan Empire Capital: Pataliputra Efficient government and bureaucracy Mauryan India Ashoka One of India’s greatest rulers Ruled 270 BC to 232 BC Grandson of Chandragupta I Military leader – expanded the Mauryan empire Ashoka At first Ashoka was a cruel conqueror He converted to Buddhism and renounced violence Ashoka Ashoka had pillars erected across India They encouraged Right Conduct and religious tolerance Worked to spread Buddhism Improved the lives of his people Built Buddhist monasteries, hospitals, wells Planted shade trees Created rest houses for travelers Mauryan Empire Mauryan Empire ended around 184 BCE Multiple smaller kingdoms (Kushans, Tamil) controlled parts of India for 400 years Gupta Empire 320 – 550 C.E. Founded by Chandra Gupta I (NOT the same as Chandragupta Maurya!) Other Gupta emperors included Samudra Gupta and Chandra Gupta II Gupta Empire Religion: Buddhism spread under Ashoka, but the Gupta Empire supported Hinduism Trade: Silk Roads linked India to other regions Cashmere, cotton, ivory, and spices were traded for Roman glassware, Chinese silk Indian Society and Culture Society Caste system grew more complex Laws of Manu were a Hindu legal code that defined proper behavior for people according to their caste Indian Society and Culture Sanskrit Literature Kalidasa – great poet and playwrightauthor of Sakuntala Panchatantra – “The Five Books” – collection of stories that taught important lessons Indian Achievements Hindu-Arabic numerals Astronomy Knew 7 planets Predicted eclipses Heliocentric theory