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River Valley Civilizations Indus Valley and Huang He Essential Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the layout of the Indus Valley civilization? Why do we not have a lot of information about the Indus Valley civilization? What is ancestor worship? What is the mandate of heaven? What is the dynastic cycle? Location/Geography • • • • Indus Valley south of Himalayan Mountains Indus and Ganges Rivers Deccan plateau monsoons (seasonal winds) • • • • Huang He isolated from other civilizations because of natural barriers Plateau of Tibet Himalayan Mountains Yangtze and Huang He Rivers Religion Indus • artifacts indicate links to modern day Hinduism • worship the God Shiva • worshiped cattle Chinese • family was strongly linked to religion • spirits of ancestors determine fortune • spirits demanded attention and respect • used oracle bones to communicate with the gods • carved questions bones, heated them up, and observed the cracks • Mandate of Heaven – divine approval for a just ruler Indus China Writing Indus • has not yet been deciphered China • each character represented an idea, not a sound • there are no links between spoken and written Chinese • should know 100,000 words to be a scholar Indus China Government/Law Indus • strong central government (because of planned cities) • limited conflicts (because few weapons have been found) • • • • • China Xia dynasty was the first, cities grew Shang dynasty: first to leave written records, built elaborate palaces/tombs constantly raging war so they had walls around their cities for protection dynastic cycle – the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties Feudalism – a political system in which nobles use lands that belong to the king, provide loyalty to king, protection to workers Science/Technology Indus • domestication of sheep and goats • sophisticated city planning • cities in grid system • citadel = fortified area with major buildings inside • plumbing /sewage systems China • craftsmen made weapons, jewelry, religious items • produced silk cloth • built roads and canals • coined money • iron used for weapons Social Classes Indus China • social divisions were not great (because of common residential areas) • prosperous society that produced nonessential goods • two groups: nobles and peasants • warrior-nobles were at the top with kings and owned the land • peasants workers had no tools because metal was too precious, used for weapons • grew millet, rice, wheat