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Transcript
MINOANS 2000-1400 BC Lived on Crete. Why do we call them Minoans? Major influence on Greece Knossos was capital city. Had no fortifications. What might this mean? Linear A Culture ends about 1200 BC. Why? PHOENICIANS 1100 BC, Phoenicians now most powerful traders along Mediteranean Mainly area now known as Lebanon Made up of city states (Byblos, Tyre, Sidon) Colonized northern Africa. What was their greatest colony? Remarkable shipbuilders (possible voyages?) PHOENICIANS The alphabet (where we get the word “Phonetic) (the Phoenicians were “Hooked on Phonics” ) Who conquered most of Phoenicia? INDO-EUROPEANS HITTITES Controlled Asia Minor Fought Egyptians and Babylon Were advanced militarily due to the use of chariots and iron Conquered around 1190 BC ARYANS Took over Indus River Valley Left no archaeological record However, left us the “Vedas”, their sacred literature. Developed “Caste” system HINDUISM Aryan religion influenced and led to Hinduism Multiple Gods (Brahma/Vishnu/Shiva) Extremely complex (many variations) Reincarnation and Moksha/Nirvana Concept of Karma BUDDHISM Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Other ways to reach Nirvana 4 Noble Truths 8 Fold Path Complex with different variations (Tibetan/Zen) Has actually found more acceptance in the Far East than in India (theories?) BUDDHISM Eightfold Path • Right • Right • Right • Right • Right • Right • Right • Right view intention speech action livelihood effort mindfulness concentration BUDDHISM 4 Noble Truths 1. Life as we know it ultimately is or leads to suffering/uneasiness 2. Suffering is caused by craving. 3. Suffering ends when craving ends 4. Reaching this liberated state is achieved by following the teachings of the Buddha. INDUS RIVER VALLEY Modern Day NE India Source of Indus river=Himalayas Surrounded on three sides by mountains (Himalayas and Hindu Kush), Southern boundary is Arabian Sea Invasions came through the Khyber Pass Harrapans (2500-1500 BCE) INDUS RIVER VALLEY Major cities: Harappa and MohenjoDaro City grid system (4 quarters? Political, residential, economic, religious) Underground sewage system We don’t understand their language What happened?