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The Ming Dynasty Daily Lesson and Discussion Notes: 4-4 Objectives: Discuss how Ming rulers made China stronger, wealthier, and more peaceful Explain why China sent a fleet to explore Asia and East Africa. Objective: 2 Discuss how Ming rulers made China stronger, wealthier, and more peaceful I. The Rise of the Ming (pages 282-283) A. After Kublai Khan’s death in 1294, the Yuan dynasty began to lose control. Mongol groups in Mongolia broke away. Chinese groups wanted their own dynasty. Rebellions drove the Mongols out of power. B. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led a successful rebellion and became emperor of China. He renamed himself Hong Wu. He established Nanjing as the capital and founded the Ming dynasty. Hong Wu was a cruel leader who killed many officials for treason, or disloyalty to the government. C. Yong Le was Hong Wu’s son who became emperor after Hong Wu’s death. Yong Le moved the capital to Beijing, where he built an area of palaces and government buildings known as the Imperial City. The Forbidden City was in the center of the Imperial City. Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City. D. The Ming government restored the civil service examinations and occasionally carried out a census, or a count of people, so they could collect taxes accurately. E. China’s economy grew under the leadership of the early Ming emperors, increasing farming and trade. The Ming emperors supported artisans and merchants. Writers produced novels, or long fictional stories, and Chinese people watched dramas on stage. Objective 1: Discuss how Ming rulers made China stronger, wealthier, and more peaceful China became more peaceful once the Ming rulers drove out the Mongols. They restored the civil service examinations and used a census in order to collect taxes more accurately. The farms and canals destroyed by the Mongols were rebuilt, the Grand Canal repaired and expanded. More crops were grown, including new types of rice. Objective: 2 Explain why China sent a fleet to explore Asia and East Africa II. China Explores the World (pages 284-287) A. Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships to discover areas outside of China. B. Emperor Yong Le sent the fleet on seven oversea voyages from 1405 to 1431. Zheng He, a Muslim and court official, led these expeditions. He took his fleet of ships to Southeast Asia, India, Arabia and East Africa, where he traded goods with other peoples. C. Chinese officials complained about the cost of the trips. They disapproved of new ideas brought from the outside world and the growing wealth of merchants involved in trade. The merchants contradicted Confucius’s teaching by placing their loyalty to themselves above that of society. The voyages ended after Zheng He’s death. D. In 1514, a fleet from Portugal arrived in China. It carried the first Europeans to sail to China and provided the first direct contact between China and Europe since Marco Polo. E. The Portuguese wanted to trade with the Chinese, and they wanted the Chinese to become Christians. The Chinese thought the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people. F. The Chinese eventually let the Europeans set up a trading post in China, and European ideas were introduced to the Chinese. Jesuit missionaries, a special group of Roman Catholic priests, arrived in China to convince the Chinese to become Christians. G. The Ming dynasty fell after rulers weakened. The Manchus attacked in northern China and captured Beijing. Objective 2: Explain why China sent a fleet to explore Asia and East Africa Emperor Yong Le wanted to trade with other kingdoms, show off China’s power, and demand tribute from weaker kingdoms