Download 16 & 17 Lectures HIST 101 China - Learning

Lectures 16 & 17
October 16-21, 2009
China in the Classical and
Medieval Eras
ca. 500 BC to 1368 AD
HIST 101 History of World Civilization I
University of Montevallo, Fall 2009
Adjunct Instructor Jill Cooley
Lectures 16 and 17: Outline
• Film: The First Emperor
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Qin Dynasty
Chinese Unification
Terra-cotta soldiers
Legalism
• Han Dynasty
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Confucianism
Han Empire
Silk Road
Daoism
• Age of Division and the
Spread of Buddhism
– Age of Division
– Development and
Spread of Buddhism
• Reunification and
Commercial
Development
– Sui Dynasty
– Tang Dynasty
– Yuan Dynasty
Lectures 16 and 17: Key Terms
• First Emperor (Qin Shi
Huangdi)
• Qin unification
• Great Wall
• Terra-cotta soldiers
• Legalism
• Confucianism
• Han Dynasty
• Scholar-official
• Silk Road
• Silk production and trade
• Daoism
• Age of Division (“Six
Dynasties Era”)
• Siddhartha Gautama
• Buddhism
• Sui Dynasty
• Tang Dynasty
• Song Dynasty
• Mongols
• Genghis Khan
• Yuan Dynasty
Film: The First Emperor
Legalism
• Based on the belief that
man is evil by nature
and needs to be
disciplined through fear
and harsh punishment.
• Qin dynasty governed
by a centralized military
administration through
aristocrats and
politicians.
Han Dynasty
• Takeover the Qin Dynasty once the 1st Emperor Died
• Governed by Confucianism
• Because of this it was important for the officials to rule
wisely led the Scholar-Official System
• Had civil service exams that had to be passed in order to
qualify and become an official
• Prestige in China becomes based on scholarly aptitude
• Larger Area of Rule, the area ruled corresponds with the
Silk Road (Extended China and Mediterranean)
• Expanded to protect the trade routes
• Weakened by continual child heirs taking over and
dissolves
Confucianism
• Valued certain moral
obligations, particularly
those between a superior
and subordinate.
• Based on the belief that
good government was
dependant upon consent of
the people, and not by
force.
• Qin's “strong-hand”
legalism was replaced with
Han Confucianism.
Daoism
• Wisdom lies in becoming one with the Dao.
• The Dao—the creative principle of the universe.
Age of Division
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Broke up into decentralized states
Important time for China, because it was the period in time when Buddhism
spread
The Silk Road
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Series of overland trade routes extending from China through
Central Asia to the Mediterranean.
Buddhism
Buddhism Cont’d
• Not native to China: native to India
• Centuries old by the time it spread to China
• Developed by Siddhartha Gautama (lived 566-486BC) He became
very dissatisfied with his life, and thought there was more to life &
death, at age 30 pursued a new life of studying & self-reflection
• He decided you could end the mortal cycle if you understood the 4
Noble Truths. 1) All life is suffering 2) We suffer due to desire 3)
Ceasing desire ceases suffering 4) Identified an 8-fold path that
would end desire, if you followed the path you could achieve nirvana
• His ideas are the basis for the religion
•
Spread of Buddhism
Sui and Tang Dynasties
Tang and Song Dynasties
Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty)
Lectures 16 & 17: Timeline
Time Period
Historical Event
Important Points
ca. 566-486 BC
Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha
Development of Buddhism in
India
481-256 BC
Warring States Period
Disunion; Development of
Chinese philosophies
256-206 BC
Qin Dynasty
First Emperor; unification based
on Legalism
210 BC
Death of First Emperor
Terra-cotta soldiers buried in
tomb
206 BC – 220 AD
Han Dynasty
Government based on
Confucianism; Development of
the Silk Road
220-589 AD
Age of Division (“Six Dynasties Era”)
Spread of Buddhism to China
589-618 AD
Sui Dynasty
Reunification
618-907 AD
Tang Dynasty
Openness to foreigners
960-1279 AD
Song Dynasty
Commercial revolution
1279-1368 AD
Yuan Dynasty
China under Mongol control