Download Ch.15 - Postclassical China

Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS
AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in China
The Sui and Tang Dynasties, 589-907 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Sui Dynasty (589-618 C.E.)

Leadership
Yang Jian usurped power, claimed throne
through Mandate of Heaven
 Sui Yangdi completed large-scale public
works projects

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Restoration of Centralized Imperial
Rule in China

The Sui Dynasty (589-618 C.E.)
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
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
Capital at Chang’an
tightly centralized bureaucracy
military conquest
large-scale construction projects
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

The Grand Canal
integrated domestic economy
 linked wheat growing north with rice growing
south
 resulted in increase agricultural production
 Improved political and cultural unity

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Decline and fall of the Sui Dynasty

Social Unrest
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
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excessive taxation (Grand Canal)
forced labor (large-scale projects)
military challenges in Korea
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Restoration of Centralized Imperial
Rule in China

The Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.)


Brought Manchuria under control
Silla Kingdom acknowledged
imperial authority
- tributary system (Han Dynasty)
Statuette of
Confucian Scholar
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.)

Leadership
Tang Taizong (627-649 C.E.)
 ambitious, ruthless
 Confucian leader who heeded the interests of
his subjects

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Transportation & Communication
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inns, postal service, stables
Equal-field system
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redistribution of land
population increase strained system
characterized by corruption
Buddhist monasteries
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Bureaucracy of Merit

Imperial civil service examination (Han Wudi)

Printing becomes more common

Letter of Credit “flying cash”
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Sources From The Past:
The Arab Merchant Suleiman on
Business Practices in Tang China
“The Chinese conduct commercial transactions and
business affairs with equity. When someone lends
money to another person, he writes up a note
documenting the loan…”
- The Voyages of Suleiman
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Decline and fall of the Tang Dynasty

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Careless leadership in mid-700s
An Lushan mounts rebellion
captures capital at Chang-an
 weakened dynasty
 military commanders invite Uighurs to quell
rebellion


Huang Chao mounts rebellion

weakened dynasty
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Decline and fall of the Tang Dynasty

Military granted more regional authority

emperor loses authority and abdicates
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in China
The Song Dynasty, 960-1279 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Song Dynasty (960-1279 C.E.)

Leadership

Song Taizu military officer granted power by
troops based on reputation and military
successes
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Restoration of Centralized Imperial
Rule in China

The Song Dynasty (960-1279 C.E.)
more centralized than earlier dynasties
 focused more on civil administration than the
military
 created opportunities for individuals to obtain
Confucian education – more candidates
accepted

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Intensified patriarchy
Veneration of ancestors
 Foot binding

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Sources From The Past:
The Poet Du Fu on Tang Dynasty Wars
“We have learned that to have a son is bad luck –
It is very much better to have a daughter
Who can marry and live in the house of a neighbor,
While under the sod we bury our boys…”
- Du Fu (712-770 C.E.)
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Moveable type

Naval technology
compass
 canvas sails

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Improved agricultural techniques
metallurgy
 artificial irrigation
 fast-ripening rice
 urbanization

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Major advancements/developments

Paper money
 spreads to Abbasid Caliphate
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Economic Development of Tang and
Song China

Technological and Industrial Development
Porcelain
 Metallurgy
 Gunpowder

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Decline and fall of the Song Dynasty

Large bureaucracy put strain on empire

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peasants rebel against tax increases
Military

scholar bureaucrats had little military training
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Economic Development of Tang and
Song China

The Emergence of a Market Economy
Financial Instruments
 Paper Money
 A Cosmopolitan Society
 China and the Hemispheric Economy

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Cultural Change in Tang and Song China

The Establishment of Buddhism
Foreign Relations in China
 Buddhism in China
 Buddhism and Daoism
 Chan Buddhism
 Hostility to Buddhism
 Persecution

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Cultural Change in Tang and Song China

Neo-Confucianism
Confucians and Buddhism
 Zhu Xi
 Neo-Confucian Influence

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Chinese Influence in East Asia

Korea and Vietnam
The Silla Dynasty
 Chinese Influence in Korea
 China and Vietnam
 Chinese Influence in Vietnam

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Fifteen:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

China in East Asia

Medieval Japan
Political Decentralization
 The Samurai

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.