Download The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

The Resurgence of Empire
in East Asia
Bentley, Chapter 15
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I. The Sui Dynasty
A. Founder produced a new legal code of 500 articles,
brought order into local govt
B. Continued the equal field system (was supposed to
annually allot several acres of cultivable land to each
adult male)
C. Continued the system of collective responsibility
among groups of households, the territorially
administered militia, and the military agricultural
colonies on the frontier
D. Economy: unified bureaucracy brought in tax revenues,
price-regulating of grain, Buddhist monasteries became
great landowners
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I. The Sui Dynasty
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Founder produced a new legal code
Continued the equal field system
Continued the system of collective responsibility
Economy:
Problem: trade between the Huang He (Yellow River)
and Yangzi River (rivers run east/west, not
north/south)
F. Yangzi was the most productive region of China
G. Solution: build a canal linking the two (Grand Canal)
H. Great Wall was restored (forced labor system)
I. Peasant revolts led to its downfall
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I.
The Sui Dynasty
A. Founder produced a new legal code
B. Continued the equal field system
C. Continued the system of collective responsibility
D. Economy:
E. Problem: trade between the Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangzi
River (rivers run east/west, not north/south)
F. Yangzi was the most productive region of China
G. Solution: build a canal linking the two (Grand Canal)
H. Great Wall was restored (forced labor system)
I. Peasant revolts led to its downfall
J. Compared to Qin Dynasty (Shi Huangdi)
K. Attempt to conquer Korea also led to revolts and their downfall
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I.
II.
The Sui Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Set up six ministries (personnel administration, finance, rites, army, justice,
public works) which formed the main echelons of China’s govt to 1900
Censorate—reported on official and imperial conduct
Early version of the examination system
Defeated the Koreans and expanded south into northern Vietnam
Their capital @ Chang’an became an international metropolis
Tang poetry was the model for later periods
More open society, welcomes foreigners in its urban life from Japan, Korea,
and Vietnam, Persia and West Asia
Wanted to control the spread of Buddhism under the imperial bureaucracy
Ministry of Rites: held the examinations for both the Confucian scholar and
the Buddhist monk
Any persecutions against the Buddhists were to keep land out of the hands of
the church for tax purposes
Decline: military overexpansion, conflicts with the Arabs and Tibetans,
generals too powerful, rise of eunuchs, rebellion by An Lushan (general)
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I. The Sui Dynasty
II. The Tang Dynasty
III. Empress Wu (r. 654-705 CE)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Wife of an emperor seized power (only women in Chinese history to rule
alone and hold the position officially)
Broke the power of the aristocratic families
Examination graduates began to be a small elite
Moved the capital from Chang’an to Luoyang (more easily supplied)
Patronized Buddhism which alienated the Confucian officials
705, she was forced to abdicate and died shortly afterwards
IV. Power of the Eunuchs
A.
B.
C.
D.
Originally were used to guard the harem
Under Empress Wu’s successor, Xuan Zong, they were purchasers of supplies
for the palace and political messengers
Easy access over all parts of the palace & gained considerable power
Began to corrupt and weaken the court
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I.
The Sui Dynasty
II.
The Tang Dynasty
III. Empress Wu (r. 654-705 CE)
IV. Power of the Eunuchs
V.
The Song Dynasty
A.
Chose to accept military weakness in order to reduce the risk of overthrow by their
own subordinates
B.
Thus their military policy was to make tribute payments to invaders (silver and silk)
C.
Kaifeng, capital of the Song—major center of communication and trade
D.
Merchant class gained more prestige
E.
Emperor and a Council of State, with three main bodies (civil administration , finance,
military), counties, censorate
F.
Reinterpretation of Confucian classics due to Buddhism
G.
Civil service exams were firmly established, so that Confucian-scholars were in charge
of the govt
H.
Knowledge of gunpowder and the making of the first hand grenade , compass , print
I.
Problems: inequity of wealth, extra taxes to cover the military
J.
1069, program of reforms under Wang Anshi: produce was sold by local officials
instead of sending it to the capital, established a state marketing system, taxes were
revised, peasants could get loans from the govt at low interest rates
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I.
The Sui Dynasty
II.
The Tang Dynasty
III. Empress Wu (r. 654-705 CE)
IV. Power of the Eunuchs
V.
The Song Dynasty
A.
Chose to accept military weakness
B.
Thus their military policy was to make tribute payments to invaders (silver and silk)
C.
Kaifeng, capital of the Song—major center of communication and trade
D.
Merchant class gained more prestige
E.
Emperor and a Council of State,
F.
Reinterpretation of confucian classics due to buddhism
G.
Civil service exams
H.
Knowledge of gunpowder and the making of the first hand grenade
I.
Problems: inequity of wealth, extra taxes to cover the military
J.
1069, program of reforms under Wang Anshi:
K.
Baojia: families were grouped together in tens and made responsible for providing a
certain number of men to the local militia and for ensuring the good behavior of all
the individuals within the group
L.
Overseas trade increased
Chapter 15: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
I.
The Sui Dynasty
II.
The Tang Dynasty
III. Empress Wu (r. 654-705 CE)
IV. Power of the Eunuchs
V.
The Song Dynasty
VI. Downfall of the Song
A.
B.
1126, lost the northern part of the Song empire to invaders
1279, the Southern Song fell to the Mongols