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The Dark Ages
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The Middle Ages
~ 449-1485 ~
Anglo Saxon or Old English Period
(449-1066)
England has had many invaders, each
leaving their stamp on what we think
of as “England” today.
The Celts
The Romans
The Anglo-Saxons
The Celtic Heroes: A Magical World
The Celtic Heroes: A Magical World
& (around 300 BC) the
island of Britain was
inhabited by tall blond
warriors who called
themselves Celts
& a group of these
warriors, called
Brythons, left their
permanent stamp on
Britain
The Romans: The Great
Administrators
Beginning with an invasion led by Julius Caesar
in 55 BC and culminating in one organized by
the Emperor Claudius about a hundred years
later, the Britons (the Celts) were finally
conquered by the legions of Rome.
& Rome brought organization to Britain – armies
that prevented further invasions, networks of
roads, and a great defensive wall seventy-three
miles long.
Religion of the Romans
Rome brought Christianity, and
soon the old Celtic religion
began to vanish.
Christianity became a unifying
force.
Roman Britain
The Anglo-Saxons
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•In 449 the tribes of Jutes, Angles and
Saxons from Denmark and Northern
Germany started to invade Britain
defeating original Celtic people who
escaped to Cornwall, Wales and Scotland.
The Anglo-Saxons Sweep Ashore
In the middle of the fifth century (~450 AD), the
attack came from the north, from the Angles
and Saxons from Germany and Jutes from
Denmark.
The Anglo-Saxon language became the dominant
language in this land, thus a new name
Engla Land, or England. The Celts did put up a
brave fight but finally retreated into Wales in the
far west of the country.
Anglo-Saxon Invasion
The Spread of Christianity
BEOWULF
Beowulf , written in Old English sometime
before the tenth century A.D., describes the
adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior
of the sixth century.
A rich fabric of fact and fancy, Beowulf is the
oldest surviving epic in British literature.
Beowulf exists in only one manuscript. This
copy survived both the wholesale
destruction of religious artifacts during the
dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII
and a disastrous fire which destroyed the
library of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (15711631).
The poem still bears the scars of the fire,
visible at the upper left corner of the
photograph. The Beowulf manuscript is now
housed in the British Library, London.
The first page of the Beowulf manuscript.