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After the bombing of Pearl Harbor,
how were Japanese Americans
treated during World War II?
Cristina Lilly
A 11
Cristina Lilly
A 11
Picture Source: http://www.glogster.com/media/4/20/81/58/20815812.jpg
Stem Questions
• How were the Japanese Americans picked
to live in these camps?
• What were the conditions of the
internment camps?
• Were there any objections to this
treatment of Japanese Americans?
• What happened to the Japanese
Americans after they were released from
the internment camps?
How were the Japanese Americans
picked to live in these camps?
Picture Source: http://www.epodunk.com/top10/diaspora/japanese-internment-camps.html
• Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order
9066 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This
order issued that all Japanese Americans and
permanent residents of Japanese ancestry be
moved to internment camps, ten total in the
United States. The government said that this act
was a “military necessity” in order to protect us
here in the U.S.
Picture source: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/06/arts/design/06lang.html
• The Executive Orders were left in
Japanese-American communities. Many
of the people forced to go to the camps
were born in the United States and had
never been to Japan. Many had to sell
their homes, businesses, and assets.
Picture Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/51e.asp
What were the conditions of the
internment camps?
Picture source: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/06/arts/design/06lang.html
• When the orders were first given to the
Japanese-American communities, many of
the camps were not completed. Some
had to stay in temporary centers in stables
at racetracks. Once the camps were
completed, groups were moved into
barracks made of tarpaper.
• The barracks were too hot in the summer
and too cold in the winter. The food was
served in a mess hall. Children went to
school, and adults could work for five
dollars a day. Armed military men stood
by watching these interned day and night.
Picture Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/06/arts/design/06lang.html
Were there any objections to this
treatment of Japanese Americans?
• Fred Korematsu challenged the Supreme
Court for the treatment of JapaneseAmericans.
• The Supreme Court ruled that Executive
Order 9066 was a “wartime necessity.”
Picture Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/51e.asp
• Hirabayashi v. United States (1943), Yasui
v. United States (1943) – Hirabayashi and Yasui – both challenged the
Supreme Court for convictions they were
charged with at the internment camps.
– The Supreme Court upheld their convictions.
Gordon Hirabayashi
http://caamedia.org/jainternment/camps/court.html
Minoru Yasui
What happened to the Japanese
Americans after they were released from
the internment camps?
• Many interns could not return to their
homes due to the fact that they had to sell
their homes and businesses, but also
because of the hatred of JapaneseAmericans after World War II. Many had
to relocate to various parts of the United
States.
Civil Liberties Act of 1988
• In 1988, Congress ordered all surviving
interns $20,000, sending apology letters to
these Japanese-Americans.
Bibliography
• Ford, Jamie. (2009). Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. New
York, NY: Ballantine Books.
• Houston, J.W., Houston, J.D., & Houston, J.A. (1973). Farewell to
Manzanar. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
• Ina, Satsuki. (1999). Children of the Camps. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html
• Mochizuki, Ken. (1993). Baseball Saved Us. New York, NY: Lee &
Low Books.
• Randall, Vernillia. (1997). Internment of Japanese Americans in
Concentration Camps. Retrieved from
http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm
• Roosevelt, Franklin. The White House, (1942). Executive Order
9066 (F.R. Doc. 42–1563). Washington, DC: Retrieved from
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5154
• Smith, Dinithia. (2006, November 6). Photographs of an Episode
that Lives in Infamy. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/06/arts/design/06lang.html
Bibliography Continued
• Uchida, Yoshiko. (1991). The Invisible Thread. New York, NY: Beech
Tree.
• Exploring the Japanese American Internment through Film and the
Internet. (2002). Retrieved from http://caamedia.org/jainternment/
• Japanese-American Internment. (2008). Retrieved from
http://www.ushistory.org/us/51e.asp
• Telling Their Stories. (2008, April 4). Retrieved from
http://www.tellingstories.org/internment/index.html
• United Press. (1942, March 6). Olson Wants All Japs Moved. The
San Francisco, Retrieved from
http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist8/evac3.html
• U.S. Supreme Court, (1943). Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v. United States
Washington, DC: Retrieved from
http://bss.sfsu.edu/internment/hirabayashi.html
• U.S. Supreme Court, (1944). Korematsu v. United States
Washington, DC: Retrieved from
http://supreme.justia.com/us/323/214/case.html