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The Bill of Rights
Extended
In 1791, less than half of
the population of the
United States enjoyed the
full rights of citizenship.
Women, AfricanAmericans, and those
under 21
• Were not granted the same
rights as some other Americans
• Were not allowed to vote
• Some were considered property
White males
• Usually had the most power
in American society
• Did not always have the full
protection of the Bill of
Rights due to the power of
the states
Constitution has
changed 27 times
• Some due to changes in
conditions and attitudes in
society
• Some changed the way
government works
• Some extended rights to the
previously ignored
Eleventh Amendment
• Lawsuits brought against a
state will be tried in state
court
Twelfth Amendment
• Changed the procedure for
electing the President and
the Vice-President
• Separate ballots are cast for
each office by the electoral
college
Civil War Amendments
• Amendments Thirteen,
Fourteen, and Fifteen are a
direct result of the civil war
• Extended the rights of the
African-American
Thirteenth Amendment
• Officially ended slavery in
the United States
• Outlawed any sort of forced
labor, except as punishment
for a crime
Fourteenth Amendment
• Granted full US citizenship to
African-Americans
• Required that states grant its
citizens “equal protection of the
laws”, thus treating all citizens
equally
• Forbids state governments from
interfering with rights granted
by the federal government
Fifteenth Amendment
• Granted African-American
males the right to suffrage
(vote)
• Largely unsuccessful
because many states found
legal ways to keep AfricanAmericans from voting
– Example: Poll taxes
Sixteenth Amendment
• Authorized Congress to levy
the Income Tax
Seventeenth
Amendment
• Allowed for senators to be
elected by the people of the
states rather than by
appointment of the state
legislatures
Eighteenth Amendment
• Prohibited the production,
sale, and transportation of
alcoholic beverages in the
United States
• Proved to be difficult to
enforce
• Period called Prohibition
Nineteenth Amendment
• (1920) gave women the right
to vote in all elections
• Granted women full
citizenship
• Some states, such as
Wyoming, granted women
the right to vote in state
elections as early as 1869
Twentieth Amendment
• Made Inauguration Day as
January 20 for the President
and January 3 for Congress
• Abolished the “Lame Duck”
session of Congress
• If President-elect dies before
taking office, Vice-Presidentelect would become
President
Twenty-first Amendment
• Repealed the Eighteenth
Amendment
• Only amendment ever
passed to overturn an earlier
amendment
• Only amendment ratified by
special state conventions
instead of the state
legislatures
Twenty-second
Amendment
• Placed a two term limit on
the Presidency
• Passed after President
Franklin Roosevelt served 4
terms in office- only
President to serve more than
2 terms
Twenty-third
Amendment
• Granted Washington, D.C.
residents the right to vote in
Presidential and VicePresidential elections
Twenty-fourth
Amendment
• Made poll taxes illegal in
national elections
• Affected both AfricanAmericans and poor whites
mostly in southern states
• Supreme Court ruled in 1966
that poll taxes were also
illegal in state elections
Twenty-fifth Amendment
• If the President was to die, resign, or
is removed from office the VicePresident would become the
President
• If the Vice-President was to die,
resign, or removed from office, the
President would appoint a
replacement with the approval of
Congress
Twenty-sixth
Amendment
• The Constitution did not
specifically designate a
suffrage age- most states
set the age at 21
• Set the suffrage age at 18
for all elections (1971)
Twenty-seventh
Amendment
• Gave Congress a pay raise