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Imperialism
United States History
Unit #6
“America’s Progress”
George Crogutt, 1873
MANIFEST DESTINY
“[It
is] our manifest destiny to
overspread the continent
allotted by Providence for the
free development of our yearly
multiplying millions."
-- John L. O'Sullivan, United States Magazine and
Democratic Review, 1845
“500 Nations” Native American
Video (1860-1890)
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
Native Americans
The Homestead Act
 United States Federal law that gave away free titles to
160 acres 640 acres of undeveloped land outside of the
original 13 colonies.
 Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S.
Government, including freed slaves, could file an
application and improvements to a local land office.
 The Act was signed into law by President Abraham
Lincoln on May 20, 1862.
 Eventually 1.6 million homesteads were granted and
270,000,000 acres were privatized, a total of 10% of all
lands in the United States.
The Dawes Act
 Dawes Act or General Allotment Act,1887, passed by the
U.S. Congress to provide for the granting of
“allotments” (usually 160 acres/65 hectares) to
individual Native Americans, replacing communal tribal
holdings.
 Sponsored by U.S. Senator H. L. Dawes from M.A., the
aim of the act was to absorb tribe members into the
larger national society. Allotments could be sold after a
statutory period (25 years), and “surplus” land not
allotted was opened to settlers.
 Within decades following the passage of the act, the vast
majority of what had been tribal land in the West was in
white hands.
The Dawes Act & Homestead Act
 The Homestead Act (1862):
 United States Federal law (signed in by Lincoln) giving
away 160 acres undeveloped land

Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S.
Government, including freed slaves qualified.

Eventually 1.6 million homesteads were granted and
270,000,000 acres were privatized, a total of 10% of all
lands in the United States.
 The Dawes Act (1887):
 Land to individuals (160 acres per family) not nations
(communities)
 Left-over land went to white settlers
Western Expansion
Timeline of Important Events
1845
“Manifest Destiny”: first usage of the term
(Mexican-American War)
1860s-1880s
Cattle ranching in the Great Plains hugely profitable
1862
Homestead Act passed
1865
Civil War ends, 13th Amendment passed (prohibits slavery)
1868
14th Amendment Passed,
President Johnson impeached, but not ousted
Freedman’s Bureau active
1869
Transcontinental Railroad finished in Promontory, Utah
1870
15th Amendment
1871
U.S. government orders all Western Indian nations to settle in
either western South Dakota reservation or Oklahoma (Indian
Territory- not treated as separate nation)
1874
Sioux Territory- Gold found and Sioux refuse government offer to buy land for
$6 million.
1875-1876
American miners stream into Black Hills; Sioux and Cheyenne join together to
resist settlers
Western Expansion
Timeline of Important Events
1876
U.S. orders all Sioux back to the reservations; many refuse
Spring 1876
U.S. Military plans three prong attack on Indians
June 1876
Battle of Little Bighorn- Custer decides to fight Sioux without other
companies (many died)
Fall 1876
Sioux suffer two major defeats in battle
1877
U.S. troops withdrawn from South, Reconstruction ENDS.

Most Sioux and Cheyenne fighters surrender, including
leader Crazy Horse

Another Sioux leader, Sitting Bull, settles in Canada rather than surrender

Nez Perce fight military, Chief Joseph
Late 1870s
Years of Apache resistance to miners and settlers of New Mexico Territory
Late 1880s
Apache resistance continues after death of Cochise
1886
Geronimo’s final surrender to U.S. troops
1887
Dawes Act passed
1889
Oklahoma Land Rush
Native Americans & the
U.S. Government
 Goal of “Indian Policy”:
Lead the Native Americans upwards into “Christian
civilization” BUT do not “crush out” all traits of N.A.
culture.
 What does he mean by “our task is to hasten the slow work of
race evolution”?
 Native Americans are the “less favored race” and without
government intervention to quicken the process, they will
lose out.
 What elements of Indian culture does the official admire?
 Physical courage, “heroic stoicism in enduring physical
pain”, & respect for one’s self.
 What elements of white culture does the official insist the
Indians should adopt?
 Home-making, industry, cleanliness, social purity and
family integrity.

Imperialism Definition:
 What is YOUR definition????
 The practice of one country extending its
control over the territory, political system, or
economic life of another country.
(www2.truman.edu/~marc/resources/terms.html )
 The policy of extending a nation’s authority
over other countries by economic, political, or
military means. (teachers.sduhsd.net/shayes/documents/CCA-US-Imp-VocabList.doc)
Imperialism Map of the World
Imperialism Map: Annexations & Territories
Alaska
(1867)
Midway
Islands
(1867)
Hawaii
(1898)
American Samoa
(1878)
Puerto
Rico
(1898)
Philippines
(1898)
Guam
(1899)
Imperialism Map: Protectorates & Interventions
Nicaragua
(1911)
Panama
(1903)
Cuba
(1898)
Haiti-D.R.
(1915/1916)
Imperialism Map: Trading Partners
Korea
(1880)
China
(1844)
Japan
(1854)
Imperialism Map: Neighbors & Rivals
Canada
Great
Britain
France
Spain
Mexico
Germany