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The American Journey A History of the United States Sixth Edition Chapter 30 The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World 1981-1992 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. MAP 30–1 The Election of 1980 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Reagan’s Majority • common touch • nostalgia for simpler America • • • • • • Anti-Communist Christian conservatives wealthy entrepreneurs opponents of big government disaffected Dem blue-collar, middle-class White blue-collar voters were alienated by affirmative action, school integration The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Reagan’s Majority (cont'd) • 1984 Reagan won landslide reelection The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The New Conservatism • Anti-New Deal-New Frontier • Edward Banfield – gov’t no solve inequality, human character • Charles Murray -- welfare dependency, laziness • Laissez-faire free market utopians • new tactics – bypass mass media, mailings to raise funds, emotional appeals The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Reaganomics: Deficits and Deregulation • based on Economic Recovery and Tax and Act of 1981 • shifted funding from domestic to military programs. • Social programs would have to be at state or local level The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Reaganomics: Deficits and Deregulation (cont’d) • deregulation • Corporate America attacked environmental legislation as strangulation by regulation. Reagan slashed Environmental Protection Agency budget • deregulated banking industry • national economy boomed in short-term The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Crisis for Organized Labor • • • • • offensive against labor unions Union membership declining anyway Decline in manufacturing jobs Shift to non-union plants Mergers The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. An Acquisitive Society • lavish living by wealthy • fascination with how rich and famous live • yuppies -- elite consumerism The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Mass Media and Fragmented Culture • Cable television • Vast quantities of information more easily available • packaged for subdivided marketplace of specialized consumers The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Poverty amid Prosperity • The bottom 20% saw tax hike • Middle-class families saw their security decrease • permanent homeless x3 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 30–1 Changes in Real Family Income, 1947–1979 and 1980–1990 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Consolidating the Revolution: George H. W. Bush • believed Americans wanted gov’t leave them alone • His major legislation was bill that shifted federal priorities from highway building to mass transit • lack of leadership left continuing economic crime, and healthcare problems The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Confronting USSR • 1980 USSR support civ wars Angola, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Afghanistan • Reagan confront Soviet Union, believed Soviets bent on world conquest • escalated nuclear arms race • Strategic Defense Initiative, also called Star Wars The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Risky Business: Foreign Policy Adventures • Reagan Doctrine – elim Soviet-influenced gov’ts in Asia, Africa, Lat Am • secret CIA policy vs. Nicaragua The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Risky Business: Foreign Policy Adventures (cont'd) • US war on drugs invade Panama • Reagan’s intervention in Middle East bomb killed 241 Marines in Lebanon • Iran-Contra Affair ended in scandal of illegality and unconstitutional actions, Oliver North lied to Congress The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Embracing Perestroika • Mikhail Gorbachev -- opened up USSR, restructured economy • Intermediate Nuclear Force Agreement (INF) – entire class of missiles 2B destroyed, inspect for verification The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Crisis and Democracy in Eastern Europe • • • • Berlin Wall opened 1989 New democratic govts in east Euro 1990 Germany reunified USSR dissolved,Cold War ended The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Why Did the Cold War End? The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Growth in the Sunbelt • defense spending, late ‘70s to early ‘90s fueled growth of Sunbelt • Sunbelt -- conservative voting habits, • Reflected economic trends • Retirees contributed in rise of Sunbelt • Money drain from Midwest and Northeast to S, SW The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. MAP 30–4 Fast-Growing and Shrinking Metropolitan Areas, 1990–2000 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Defense Economy • Underwrote expansion of Amer sci, tech • Silicon Valley grew with military sales long before turned to consumer markets • space component of aerospace industry dependent on defense economy The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. MAP 30–5 Religious Geography of the United States The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Women’s Rights and Public Policy • Roe v. Wade -- Supreme Court ruled abortion rights constitutional • Equal Rights Amendment (failed ratification) sharp debates on women’s rights and abortion The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Women’s Rights and Public Policy (cont'd) • The shift to service jobs also stimulated an increase in working women. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. AIDS and Gay Activism • The Stonewall Revolt began the gay rights movement. • The AIDS outbreak changed the character of life in gay communities. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Conclusion • American sought stability in the 1980s but the decade witnessed transformations that redirected American life. • Many of the changes were connected to national policy issues. • The collapse of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War. • Prosperity alternated with recession and shifted the balance between regions. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.