Download Chp. 4 Sec. 1

Creating a Nation
4-1
Identify the critical economic and political events
leading to the colonial separation from England.
Trace and describe causes and consequences of the
Revolution.
Preamble
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We the people of the United States, in order to form
a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure
domestic tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.
French and Indian War
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What made the French and Indian War different
from earlier conflicts? It began in the New World.
All previous wars had begun in Europe.
Most of these conflicts began because each side
hoped to gain trade and military advantages in
Europe
C 4-1 Vocabulary
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Albany Plan of Union
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
Treaty of Paris 1763
Customs duty
Inflation
Quartering Act
Nonimportation agreement
Writs of assistance
British Debt
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After the French and Indian
War, Great Britain was in
debt.
Many British officials
thought the colonists should
pay their part, especially the
cost of stationing British
troops in the colonies.
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The policies Great
Britain adopt to solve
the problems will only
lead to more problems.
Proclamation of 1763
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The proclamation was a line
drawn north to south along
the Appalachian Mountains.
The British gov’t declared
that no settler could move
past the mountains unless
they had permission.
This angered the colonists.
George Greenville
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In 1763, he became Prime
Minister of Great Britain. He
still has to solve the debt
problems.
He discovered that British
customs agents in America
were collecting very little
money.
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Merchants were
smuggling goods into
and out of the colonies
without paying
customs duties -taxes
on imports and exports.
Smugglers
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Those caught smuggling
goods were now sent to a
vice-admiralty court in Nova
Scotia where they did not
have a speedy trial and
they weren’t tried by a jury
of their peers.
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Among those arrested
was John Hancock. He
smuggled molasses
from the French
colonies in the
Caribbean.
His defense attorney
was John Adams.
Sugar Act
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Known as the American Revenue Act of
1764.
The act changed the tax rates on raw sugar
and molasses imported from foreign colonies.
It also placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee,
and indigo.
The Stamp Crisis 1765
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Parliament passed the Stamp Act to raise money
Stamps were placed on most printed materials
(newspapers, pamphlets, wills, dice, mortgages,
deeds and playing cards)
Stamp Act was the first direct tax that Britain placed
on the colonies.
Further dissension
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Quartering Act – colonies were to provide shelter for British troops or
pay their rent.
House of Burgesses passed resolutions declaring Virginians should be
granted the rights of British people and could only be taxed by their own
representatives.
Colonists ignored the Stamp Act. They boycotted British goods.
Nonimportation agreement – promised not to buy British goods until
parliament repealed the Stamp Act
Stamp Act was repealed in 1766
Parliament passed the Declaratory Act – they had the power to make
laws for the colonies.
Sons of Liberty
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The Sons of Liberty
organized outdoor
meetings and
demonstrations.
They were protesting
against the new taxes.
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The did awful things to
tax collectors and
stamp distributors.
They burned them in
effigy, vandalized their
homes, and even
burned their homes.
Townshend Act
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Placed new taxes on glass
lead, paper, tea.
Colonists continued to
smuggle goods to avoid the
taxes.
Writs of assistance-general
search warrants that enabled
custom officers to enter any
location to look for evidence of
smuggling.
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Sons of Liberty- Leader
of the Sons of Liberty
was Sam Adams.
The Sons of Liberty
was formed in Boston
as they became
agitated with the Stamp
Act.
Boston Massacre
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Boston Massacre – March 5,
1770
A tense situation developed in
Boston where many British
military men were stationed.
The people of Boston began to
taunt the soldiers by calling
names and throwing
snowballs.
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No one knows who fired 1st.
Supposedly a British soldier
thought he heard his
commander say fire.
5 Bostonians were killed.
3 died at the scene and 2 later.
Crispus Attucks was one of the
men killed. He was a free
black man. He was the 1st
African American killed in the
Revolution.
Few weeks later, Parliament
repealed the Townshend Act
but kept a tax on tea to show it
had a right to tax the colonies.
Paul Revere’s Poster of the
Boston Massacre
Where the Boston Massacre
took Place
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Custom House
Causes of Tension with Britain
1764 – Sugar Act
1765 – Stamp Act
1765-Quartering Act
1767 – Townshend Acts
1773 – Tea Act
1774 – Coercive Acts
Effects of Tension with Britain
Colonists protest that their rights have been violated
 Nine colonies hold Stamp Act
Congress
Colonies boycott British goods
Sons and Daughters of Liberty formed
Tea dumped into Boston harbor during the “Boston Tea
Party”
Twelve colonies attend the Continental Congress
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Boston Tea Party
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Boston Tea Party
December 1773, tea ships
from the East India
Company arrived in Boston
Harbor.
The Bostonians wouldn’t let
the ships land.
It was there way of refusing
to pay the tax on tea.
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Other colonies had refused as
well, but the Sons of Liberty
take it 1 step further.
They dressed as Indians,
boarded the 3 ships, and threw
the tea into the harbor.
Boston Tea Party
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Tea Chest
The Stamp Act 1765
George Washington
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Who is George Washington?
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George Washington was the first president of the United States.
He was president from 1789-1797
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The Revolution Begins
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1772 the British introduced several
new policies that angered American
colonists.
British sent customs ships to patrol
North American waters in order to
intercept smugglers.
The Gaspee, a British customs ship,
was seized by colonists and burned.
British took suspects to England for
trial.
Colonist felt this was a violation of
their right to a jury of their peers.
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Thomas Jefferson thought
each colony should create a
committee of correspondence
to communicate with other
colonies about British activities
Parliament passed the Tea Act
of 1773 – which made East
India’s tea cheaper than
smuggled Dutch tea.
Boston Tea Party December
1773, tea ships from the East
India Company arrived in
Boston Harbor. Colonist
boarded
Massachusetts Defies Britain
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Boston Tea Party led to the
British passing four new laws
called the Coercive Acts.
These acts were an attempt to
stop colonial challenges of
British authority. Quebec Acts
gave more territory to Quebec
and stated that a governor
appointed by the king would
run Quebec.
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Quebec Acts and the
Coercive Acts became
known as the
Intolerable Acts.
Massachusetts Defies Britain
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First Continental
Congress met in
Philadelphia – 1774.
The Congress wrote
the Declaration of
Rights and Grievances.
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Which expressed
loyalty to the king but
condemned the
Coercive Acts.
The Revolution Begins
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1774 the British officials lost
control of the colonies.
Concord created a special
unit of minutemen, trained
and ready to fight the British
at a minute’s warning.
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The American
Revolution was not just
a war between
Americans and British
but a war between
Loyalists and
Patriots.
Loyalist remained
loyal to the king and
felt British laws
should be upheld.
The Revolution Begins
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Loyalists included
government officials,
merchants,
landowners, and a few
farmers.
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Patriots thought the
British were tyrants.
They included artisans,
farmers, merchants
planters, lawyers, and
urban workers.
The Revolution Begins
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1775, British General Gage
and his troops set out to
seize the militia’s supply
depot at Concord.
To get there they had to
pass through Lexington.
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Paul Revere and
William Dawes were
sent to Lexington to
warn the people that
the British were
coming.
Samuel Prescott went
to warn the people of
Concord.
The Revolution Begins
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British General Gage
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Paul Revere
Revolution Begins
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When the British arrived at Lexington and Concord,
the Second Continental Congress met in
Philadelphia to address the issue of defense.
Congress voted to adopt the militia army and named
it the Continental Army.
1775 George Washington was appointed to head
the Continental Army.
Battle of Bunker Hill
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The Battle of Bunker
Hill resulted in turning
back two British
advances.
Colonial militia only
retreated due to a lack
of ammunition.
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It was a boost to
American confidence
that the untrained
colonials could stand
up to the feared British
army.
Continental Army Exhibit
Revolution Begins
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Continental Congress met in Philadelphia
The Decision for
Independence
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In 1776, frustrated by
British refusal to
compromise, Patriots
leaders began to call
for independence.
July 1775 Continental
Congress sent a
document –
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Olive Branch Petition to
King George III.
It stated that the colonies
were still loyal to King
George and asked the king
to call off the army.
King George refused.
Common Sense
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January 1776,
persuasive pamphlet
called Common
Sense, by Thomas
Paine, caused many
colonist to call for
independence.
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Thomas Paine
Declaration of Independence
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On July 4, 1776, a
committee of Patriot leaders
approved a document
written by Thomas
Jefferson that became
known as the Declaration
of Independence.
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The Declaration has 4
parts. The Preamble
explains why the
Continental Congress
drew up the
Declaration.
Preamble
Introduction to the
Constitution
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We the people of the United States, in order to form
a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure
domestic tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.