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Moving West The Land Ordinance of 1785 & The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 New Land Policies • Beginning of the Revolution – Only a few thousand lived west of the Appalachian Mountains – Treaty of Paris of 1763 • Proclamation Line of 1763 • Forbid moving West • By 1790’s – Treaty of Paris of 1783 allowed Americans to move west – Around 120,000 • Settlers wanted to organize their lands and join the Union States Relinquish Territories • All states relinquished land claims in the new territory and gave it to the congress Congress in Debt • Congress had no power to tax the inhabitants of the United States – Goal of the Land Ordinance of 1785 • To raise money through the sale of land • Pay off war debts • Organize new territories gained under the Treaty of Paris of 1783 Dividing and Selling Land • Congress surveyed and Divided the land in order to sell it to people moving west. • They passed the “Land Ordinance of 1785” to divide the land. Dividing the Land • Divided into Townships – 6 Miles Long • Townships divided into 36 Sections – 640 Acres – Sold at public auctions for at least $1 Land Speculations • Speculators viewed the law as an opportunity to accumulate land cheaply – Concerned with the lawlessness in the West, Richard Henry Lee urged, “the rights of property be clearly defined” – Congress solved this problem by setting up a new Ordinance called “The Northwest Ordinance of 1787” The Northwest Ordinance Setting up government in the Northwest Territory The Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance • Passed in 1787 • Created the Northwest Territory • Would divide the lands into 3-5 smaller territories Setting Up Boundaries • Northwest Territory – First Organized Territory of the United States • Boundaries – South of the Great Lakes – North and West of the Ohio River – East of the Mississippi Abolition of State Claims • The new territory was to be controlled by the central government • States had to give up their land claims in the West • Congress would be the legislative body of the new territories Reaching Statehood • When the territory reached a population of 5,000 “free male inhabitants of full age” they could form a legislature. • Once the Territory reached a population of 60,000 it could apply for statehood – These states would be admitted to the Union with equal rights of the original 13 states. Establishing Civil Rights • Property Rights were Promised • Religious Tolerance was proclaimed • Free Public Education • No Cruel or Unusual Punishment • Trial By Jury The Prohibition of Slavery • Slavery and Involuntary Servitude was illegal Rights of the Native Americans • “The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their land and property shall never be taken without their consent; and , in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed.”