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Monday (2-2-2009)

Get out a pencil
James
Madison
James
Monroe
John
Quincy
Adams
Andrew
Jackson
James Madison (1809-1817)
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Madison’s Election
British continued to harass US trade and settlers in the west
◦ Continued to impress US sailors
War Hawks
War of 1812
British were impressing US sailors
British was stopping US trade with France
War Hawks wanted British lands
◦ Treaty of Ghent
 Ended war of 1812
◦ Battle of New Orleans
 Andrew Jackson becomes a hero
 Was fought after the official end of the war
◦ Hartford Convention
◦ Henry Clay’s American System
Terms
JAMES MADISON
WAR HAWKS

War Hawks were people who advocated
war with Great Britain. In addition to
protecting trading rights and western
settlements, these leaders hoped that
war would produce land gains for the US
in both British Canada and Spanish
Florida.
WAR OF 1812

Conflicts with Great Britain over trade rights left
many in the US believing that war was the only
way to protect American shipping rights. Settlers
on the frontier also blamed the British for
encouraging the Native Americans to resist
westward expansion. While the British naval
blockade of the U.S. coast was a success, the
land warfare was a draw. The U.S. initially tried
repeatedly to invade Upper Canada with no
success; the British launched multiple invasions
that were beaten back.
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

Unaware that a the Treaty of Ghent has
been signed ending the war, the Battle of
New Orleans was actually fought after the
war had technically ended. Andrew
Jackson’s troops, though greatly
outnumbered, defeated the British. The
US forces suffered only 8 deaths with the
British suffered over 700. The victory
gave people in the US great pride and
made Andrew Jackson a national hero.
TREATY OF GHENT

This treaty ended the war of 1812 without
presenting any real gains for either side.
It basically returned to each side the
territory it had possessed before the
beginning of hostilities and said nothing
about the impressments of sailors or the
rights of the “neutrals.”
HENRY CLAY’S AMERICAN SYSTEM

was a mercantilist economic plan based on the ideas of
Alexander Hamilton. consisting of a high tariff to support
internal improvements such as road-building, and a national
bank to encourage productive enterprise and form a national
currency. This program was intended to allow the United
States to grow and prosper, by providing a defense against
the dumping of cheap foreign products, mainly at the time
from the British Empire.

Among the most important internal improvements created
under the American System were the Erie Canal and the
Cumberland Road.
HARTFORD CONVENTION (1814)

The war of 1812 proved to be a point of great
contention between the Federalists and those who
favored the war. Things got so heated, in fact, that the
Federalists from New England held a convention in
Hartford Connecticut. Although some of the delegates
wanted to secede from the Union, the convention
instead decided to send “ambassadors” to Washington.
Unfortunately for the Federalists, their representatives
arrived as news reached the capital about the US
victory at New Orleans. The embarrassment about this
ill timed protest ended the federalist party as a political
entity.
Questions
What treaty ended the War
of 1812?
 1) Pickney’s Treaty
 2) Jays Treaty
 3) Treaty of Ghent
 4) Adams-Onis Treaty
“We must take up arms against the British! They do not
respect the sovereignty of our ships at sea and they impress
our seamen. They encourage the Indians to attack our
settlements in the western territories. There is no answer but
war!”
The above statement would have most likely been make by
which of the following?
 1) a Federalist
 2) a War Hawk
 3) George Washington
 4) John Jay
Which of the following
contributed to the outbreak
of the War of 1812?
 1) Certain U.S. leaders hoped to gain territory from
the British.
 2) the XYZ Affair
 3) attacks by the Cherokee on U.S. settlers
 4) demands for war by New England Federalists
What was the purpose of the
American System proposed by Henry
Clay?
 1) The purpose was to allow goods manufactured in the
South to be sold in the North and West.
 2) The purpose was to raise money for roads and
railways to increase travel to the West.
 The purpose was to unite the nation economically,
making the United States self sufficient in war and
peace.
 The purpose was to facilitate the South to sell products
and farm goods more easily in the North and West.
Why did Henry Clay’s
“American System” come
under criticism in the South?
1) It promoted tariffs which the South saw as
harmful to its own economy.
2) It advocated the abolition of slavery.
3) It did not give nearly enough authority to the
federal government.
4) It was seen as upsetting the balance of power in
the U.S. Sendate.
James Monroe (1817-1825)
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Era of Good Feelings
Adams-Onis Treaty
U.S. is still a fragile nation in the world arena
The U.S. attempts to claim part of the world as our own,
“neighborhood.”
Monroe Doctrine
◦ States that Europeans should not interfere with the Western
Hemisphere
Panic of 1819
McCulloch v. Maryland
Missouri Compromise
◦ Abolitionist movement was beginning to grow
◦ There was an equal number of free and slave state in 1820
◦ Missouri and Maine will enter at same time to keep balance
◦ Line is drawn at Missouri to determine future of slavery
Terms
JAMES MONROE
ADAMS-ONIS TREATY

In 1817, conflict arose between white settlers
and Native Americans along the Georgia-Flordia
frontier. The president ordered military leader
Andrew Jackson to put an end to the fighting.
Jackson used this excuse to invade Spanish
Florida. The treaty was signed with Spain that
gave all of Florida to the US, defined the western
border of the Louisiana territory, ceded Spain’s
claims to the Oregon Territory to the US, and
surrendered US claims on Texas to the Spanish.
MONROE DOCTRINE

With the end of the War of 1812 and the Federalist
Party, the United States entered a period of national
pride and political unity known as the Era of Good
Feelings. It was during this period that President James
Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. It stated
that the US world not tolerate European intervention in
the affairs of any independent nation in the Americas. It
also stated that the American continents were no longer
open to colonization from European powers. Finally it
promised that the United States would neither interfere
in the internal affairs of other countries in the Americas.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement
passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and
anti-slavery factions in the United States
Congress, involving primarily the regulation of
slavery in the western territories. It prohibited
slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north
of the parallel 36°30' north except within the
boundaries of the proposed state of
Missouri. It was designed to maintain the
balance of power between slave and free
states in Washington, DC.
PANIC OF 1819
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was the first major financial crisis in the
United States. It resulted in widespread
foreclosures, bank failures,
unemployment, and a slump in agriculture
and manufacturing. It marked the end of
the economic expansion that had followed
the War of 1812.
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND
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The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of
a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by
imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in
Maryland.
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This fundamental case established the following two
principles:
1.
2.
The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for
implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to
create a functional national government.
State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of
power by the Federal government.
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

The political bitterness declined because
the Federalists had largely dissolved and
were no longer attacking the president,
then causing an era of good feeling
because there was only one political party.
The nation was politically united behind
the Democratic-Republican Party. The Era
of Good Feelings started after the War of
1812.
Questions
A major reason for the
issuance of the Monroe
Doctrine (1823) was to…
 1) discourage United States trade with Latin
America
 2) defend the Panama Canal from Great Britain
 3) prevent further European colonization in the
Caribbean region
 4) provide economic aid to Latin American
nations
What piece of legislation
created the Mason Dixon
line?
1) Compromise of 1850
2) Missouri Compromise
3) 3/5 Compromise
4) Kansas-Nebraska Act
John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
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Election of 1824
◦ No winner of electoral college
◦ Adams is chosen by the House of
Representatives even though Andrew Jackson
has more of the popular vote.
◦ This was called, “The Corrupt Bargain.”
◦ Jackson’s supporters formed Democratic
Party and opposed all of Adam’s policies
making it tough for Adams to accomplish
anything.
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Gibbons v. Ogden
Terms
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
CORRUPT BARGAIN

In the U.S. presidential election of 1824, none of the
candidates were able to secure the required number of
the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the
hands of the House of Representatives, which (to the
surprise of many) elected John Quincy Adams over rival
Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House at
the time, convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams
then made Clay his Secretary of State. Some people
believe that an agreement was made ahead of time
between the two, denounced by the defeated Jackson
(who won a plurality of the popular as well as the
greatest number of electoral votes) as a "corrupt
bargain."
GIBBONS V. OGDEN

was a case in which the Supreme Court of
the United States held that the power to
regulate interstate commerce was granted
to Congress by the Commerce Clause of
the Constitution.
Questions
The terms “corrupt bargain” and
“Tariff of Abominations” are
associated with the administration of
which U.S. president?
1) Andrew Jackson
2) James K. Polk
3) John Quincy Adams
4) James Monroe
Andrew Jackson (Jacksonian Era)
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Wins 1828 election over Adams
◦ Appealed to the “Common Man”
◦ First Western President
◦ Property Qualifications for suffrage (the right to vote) were dropped.
Women, blacks, and Native Americans still could not vote.
Spoils System
 Nullification Crisis
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◦ Tariff of Abomination
◦ South Carolina Exposition and Protest
◦ S.C. threatens secession
◦ Jackson threatens the use of force
◦ Henry Clay organizes a compromise
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Indian Removal Act, 1830
Election of 1832
◦ Pet Banks
Terms
ANDREW JACKSON
SPOILS SYSTEM
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(also known as a patronage system) is an informal
practice where a political party, after winning an
election, gives government jobs to its voters as a
reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive
to keep working for the party.
Jackson openly allowed his friends and supporters to
occupy high positions in government. This system
ultimately led to corruption and a call for reform in
later administrations because people were being
promoted not on their ability but on who they new or
how much money they donated.
TARIFF OF ABOMINATION
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was a protective tariff passed by the U.S.
Congress. It was labeled the "Tariff of
Abominations" by its southern detractors
because of the effects it had on the
Antebellum southern economy. The goal of
the tariff was to protect industry in the
northern United States from having to
compete with European goods by increasing
the prices of European products because
imported goods were much cheaper than the
ones that were made in the U.S.
SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION AND PROTEST

also known as Calhoun's Exposition, was written in
1828 by John C. Calhoun, the Vice President of the
United States under Andrew Jackson. The document
was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known
as the Tariff of Abominations. The document stated
that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina
would secede. Calhoun used the idea of nullification,
started by the Virginia and Kentucky resolution, to say
that a state had the right to ignore a federal law if the
state thought the law went against the Constitution.
COMPROMISE OF 1833

Senator Henry Clay proposed a
compromise that both sides could accept.
Clay’s compromise ended the South
Carolina nullification crisis, but the issues
of states’ rights and secession remained
alive until the end of the Civil War.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT, 1830
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was signed into law by President Andrew
Jackson. The Removal Act was strongly
supported in the South, where states were
eager to gain access to lands inhabited by
the "Five Civilized Tribes". While Indian
removal was, in theory, supposed to be
voluntary, in practice great pressure was
put on American Indian leaders to sign
removal treaties. This act led to the Trail
of Tears.
ELECTION OF 1832
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President Jackson had always opposed a
national bank and had no plans to renew its
charter when it expired in 1836. Knowing this,
his political enemies convinced the bank to apply
for renewal four year early, thus making the
national ban the key issue of the election of
1832. Jackson successfully portrayed the bank
as existing only to aid the rich and powerful.
Jackson won the election he then ordered all
government funds removed fro the national bank
and put in selected state banks or “pet banks.”
PET BANKS

is a degrading term for state banks selected by the
U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus
government funds in 1833, when President Andrew
Jackson "killed" the Second Bank of the United
States. The term implied that the state banks were
controlled by Jackson. By 1836 there were 23 "pet
banks" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The
term gained currency because most of the banks
were chosen not because of monetary fitness but
on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded
political allies of Andrew Jackson.
Questions
Which of the following would
Senator John C. Calhoun have
most easily agreed with?
1) Hamilton’s economic plan
2) Clay’s “American System”
3) The Wilmot Proviso
4) The Virginia and Kentucky REsolutions
The South Carolina Nullification
Crisis occurred when South Carolina
appealed to which of the following
to protest against tariffs imposed by
the federal government?
1) The Embargo Act of 1807
2) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
3) The Alien and Sedition Acts
4) The Bill of Rights
What did Jackson use to
reward people who
supported him politically?
1) The spoils system
2) Pet Banks
3) Money
4) Fame
Crossword Puzzle

Complete the crossword puzzle in your
packet.

The chapters were you will find the
answers to the questions are on the
paper.