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Readiness standards comprise
65% of the U. S. History Test
4 (A)
Readiness Standard (4)
The student understands the emergence of the U.
S. as a world power between 1898 and 1920.
The Student is expected to:
(A) Explain why significant events, policies, &
individuals such as the Spanish-American War, U.
S. expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred
Thayer Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford B.
Dole, & missionaries moved the United States into
a position of world power
Readiness Standard (4)
The student understands the emergence of the U.
S. as a world power between 1898 and 1920.
(A) 1 The Spanish-American War
4 (A) 2 U. S. expansionism
TOWARDS EMPIRE: THE UNITED STATES
BECOMES A WORLD POWER (1865-1901)
Movement away from
traditional American
isolationism was the result of
the filling of the American
continent by the U. S. A. and
increasing trade which drew
the United States into world
affairs.
How American Expansion of the
1890s Differed from Past U.S.
Expansion
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America had been expanding virtually
from its birth
Previous expansion had been contiguous
Territories taken in 1890s were less for
settlement than as naval bases, trading
outposts, & commercial centers on major
trade routes
The new territories were not so much
“states-in-the-making” as colonies
Classic Economic
Imperialism
“Factories and farms multiplied,
producing more goods than the
domestic market could consume.
Both farmers and industrialists
looked for new overseas markets,
and the growing volume of exports.
. . changed the nature of American
trade relations with the world.”
The Urge to Expand
The evolution of “Manifest Destiny”
William H.
Seward—
U. S.
Secretary
of State
under
presidents
Lincoln
and
Johnson
Alaska—”Seward’s
Folly”
Ahead of his time, Seward had
visions of an American Empire
stretching from the Caribbean
to Asia, including Latin
America, Canada, and many of
the strategically located Pacific
islands.
“Seward’s Folly”—the initial response to the purchase of
Alaska from Russia was not a positive one. Many Americans
believed that Seward had squandered good money for a
valueless acquisition.
Potential of Panama
Seward even
perceived the
importance of a
canal across the
Panama isthmus
(right). In 1867
he also
supervised the
annexation of the
Midway Islands
in the Pacific
Ocean.
4 (A) 4 Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power
Upon History
Mahan’s writings insisted that future U. S.
prosperity depended on access to world
markets; the U. S. needed a strong navy to
protect their trade routes; advocated
annexation of Hawaii and construction of
canal through Panama. Mahan believed that
industrialism “produced vast surpluses of
agricultural and manufactured goods, for
which markets must be found. Markets
involved distant ports; reaching them
required a large merchant marine and a
powerful navy to protect it.”
4 (A) 5 Theodore Roosevelt
4 (A) 6 Sanford B. Dole
Longtime resident of
Hawaii who, as a
lawyer & jurist,
opposed the native
royal family,
supported American
immigrants, &
advocated
westernization of
Hawaiian culture &
government
Acquisition of Hawaii—the
“Crossroads of the Pacific”
By 1820, U.S. missionaries had arrived intending to
convert the natives to Christianity
American planters developed Hawaii’s rich soil and made
healthy profits off of sugar production—Hawaii became
increasingly dependent economically on the U.S.
American
planters aided by
U. S. Marines
overthrew Queen
Liliuokalani
(right)
Hawaii
A valuable
commercial
and naval base
in the middle
of the Pacific
A stepping stone
on the route to
Chinese
markets
4 (A) 1 Spanish-American War
Pro-War Newspaper
Publishers
William Randolph
Hearst (left) published
the New York Journal
and Joseph Pulitzer
(right) published the
New York World. These
two men captured
large readerships with
their bold headlines,
lavish illustrations,
and sensational--and
often inaccurate-stories.
Sinking of the Maine
The Maine enters
Havana Harbor.
There were 266
American sailors
who died in the
blast.
Declaration of War
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On April 19, 1898, Congress passed a joint
resolution declaring Cuba independent and
authorizing the president to use force to evict the
Spanish
On April 21, Spain severed relations with the
U.S.
On April 22, McKinley proclaimed a naval
blockade of Cuba
On April 25, Congress passed a declaration of
war with Spain and the president signed it
Territories Acquired by the U.S. as a
Result of the Spanish-American War
Puerto
Rico
The
Philippine
Islands
What Was Cuba’s Status as a Result
of the Spanish-American War?
Cuba became an independent
nation. . . more or less.
Teller Amendment
Colorado Senator Henry
M. Teller’s declaration was
part of a joint resolution
demanding that Spain
withdraw from Cuba;
Teller Amendment
renounced any plan of U. S.
annexation of Cuba.
Platt Amendment
The Amendment gave
U. S. right to set up
naval stations—
principally at
Guantanamo Bay—
and send troops to
Cuba to preserve
order
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