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The United States of America European “Discovery” & Settlement Occupied by natives that descended from the early people that migrated across the Bering Strait 15th Century – Europeans began to explore & found the N.A. continent, calling it the “New World” Spanish found it first, exploring the SE & SW for treasure – French & English arrived later 1565 – Spanish founded St. Augustine, FL – oldest permanent settlement in the U.S. French settled along the northern Atlantic coast, St. Laurence River, Great Lakes, & Mississippi River Basin Three major phases: The colonial era (1492-1783) Independence and expansion (17831898) Imperialism (1898-) European “Discovery” & Settlement English were more interested in establishing permanent settlements than the French They settled the areas to the south from Maine to Georgia 1607 – English establish first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia European settlements often displaced the Native Americans living there 1617 – Europeans brought African slaves to work on tobacco & cotton plantations Columbian Exchange Exchange between the “Old World” & the “New World” – plants, animals, & diseases New diseases killed from 50 – 90% of Native Americans Diagram on p. 136 – create table of info Independence & Expansion 1763 – British gain control of North America east of the Mississippi French still control areas in the west Spanish controlled Florida & the SW England’s 13 colonies resented rule of the British from across the Atlantic 1775 – 1783: American Revolution won America’s independence from England 1803 – Louisiana Purchase bought huge area from the French, doubling the size of the United States for $15 million Area of the Louisiana Purchase Growth & Conflict 1800’s – large immigration from Western Europe Industrializing Northeast Rich farmland of the Midwest Sectionalism grew People felt more loyalty to their region than to the larger nation Political & economic tension between industrialized North & agricultural South based on slave labor Civil War 1861 – 1865 Westward Expansion 2nd half of 19th Century – settlers move into newly opened lands of the American West Hundreds of thousands travel in covered wagons toward the Pacific Native Americans were removed by treaties or by force 1869 – American Transcontinental Railroad was completed By 1890 – 17 million settlers west of the Mississippi & frontier is fully settled Frontier • Free, open land between the Miss. River & the Pacific Expansion The Gold Rush (1849) Gold in California. Transcontinental railroad completed 1869 Journey was reduced from 6 months by trail to 1 week by train Asia workers played a key role Immigration & Development 1860 – 1900, over 14 million immigrants came from Western & Eastern Europe as the West was being settled Many settled in urban areas where manufacturing industries were growing Cities like Detroit, New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Cleveland, & Chicago Industries like textiles, food processing, steel, & oil U.S. became the dominant political & economic power in the world Expansion of the American Republic 13 Colonies Revolutionary War (1776-1781) Louisiana Purchase (1803) Florida (1821) Texas annexation (1845) Mexican American War (1848) Gadsden Purchase (1853) Seward’s Folly (1867) Hawaii (1898) U.S.A. in the World U.S. had enough land & resources to be almost independent from the rest of the world Protected from invasion by oceans on two of its borders Tried to keep out of foreign affairs during westward expansion & industrialization World depression & World Wars brought U.S.A. further into relationships with other countries & foreign affairs WWII left U.S. the only major nation that was undamaged & had a healthy economy Social Change Large numbers of people began to move out of cities & into the communities outside of the city limits, the Suburbs Many move from the colder North to the warmer climates of the West & South Immigration continued, but mainly from Asia & countries is Central & South America 60’s & 70’s – Civil Rights, Feminism, & Anti-War Protests changed American culture Technological Change & Globalization Economy continued to grow & was revolutionized by computers Service industries grew larger than industrial production Examples: information processing, transportation, medicine, & education U.S.A. became world’s greatest economic power Cold War American political influence spread after WWII U.S. became the leader of the non-Communist countries Their goal was to stop the spread of Communism Communist countries were lead by the Soviet Union (now Russia) U.S. & Soviet Union struggled for dominance in world affairs – Cold War, 1945-1991 Soviet Union collapsed, leaving the U.S. the world’s only Superpower
