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GOAL 3 PART 2
Spanish American War (1898)
IMPERIALISM
Essential Standards and Generalizations
USH2.H.3 Understand the factors that led to exploration,
settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on United
States development over time.
USH2.H.3.1 Analyze how economic, political, social, military and
religious factors influenced United States imperialism
Generalizations:
• International competition for political and military control over
limited resources, such as land and water, can lead to open conflict.
• Successful displays of national power typically create a more
patriotic populace.
• A powerful nation founded on democratic principles, such as
freedom and equality, can sometimes infringe on the principles of
other people and nations in order to improve its own status.
What I should know…
How the desire for new trade markets by industrialized
countries like England, Germany, Russia, Japan and the United
States impacted the distribution of global power and authority
at the onset of the 20th Century.
2. How and why the United States gained territory and influence in
the Pacific leading up to and as a result of the Spanish American
War (e.g., Samoa, Hawaii, Alaska and the Philippines).
3. How and why the United States became involved in the Spanish
American War and the implications of that war on American
foreign policy.
4. How the leaders and citizens of other nations reacted to the
expansion of United States power and influence within their
countries and others (e.g., Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians
and Filipinos).
1.
American Interest in Cuba
• SPAIN owns the Philippines and Guam
(Pacific) Cuba and Puerto Rico (Caribbean)
• U.S. WANTS Cuba!!!
1st War for Cuban Independence
• Cuban rebelled against Spain….U.S. sympathy
went out toward Cubans!
• Legacy: Cuban slavery was abolished!
• U.S. Reaction: INVEST!!!!
Spain’s Response to American
intervention / Cuban Revolt
• Spain sends Valeriano Weyler – to restore order
in Cuba
• Used barbed-wire concentration camps
• Cubans could not receive aid / medical attention –
nearly 300,000 people died
3 CAUSES OF THE SPANISH
AMERICAN WAR (1898)
(1) Yellow Journalism (indirect)
(2) De Lome Letter (indirect)
(3) U.S.S. Maine explosion (Direct)
Territories that are ANNEXED through events of
Spanish American War
(1) Cuba (FREE)
(2) The Philippines
(3) Guam
(4) Puerto Rico
Headline Wars / Yellow Journalism
•
Yellow Journalism – introduced in the
Spanish American War (1898)
•
The sensational style of writing, which
exaggerates the news in order to lure and
enrage readers
•
Example: Cuban children being thrown to
sharks
(1) William Randolph Hearst
(2) Joseph Pulitzer
• A perfect
example of the
type of
sensationalyellow
journalism –here
from a news
paper-look at
details –see all
the American
propaganda!
Pulitzer (left) & Hearst (right) fight over the War
How long shall Cuban women be the victims of
Spanish outrages and lie sobbing and bruised in
loathsome prisons?
How long shall women passengers on vessels
flying the American flag be unlawfully seized,
stripped and searched by brutal, jeering Spanish
officers, in violation of the laws of nations and of
the honor of the U.S.?
How long shall American citizens, arbitrarily
arrested while on peaceful and legitimate
errands, be immured in foul Spanish prisons
without trial?
How long shall the U.S. sit idle and indifferent
within sound and hearing or rapine and murder?
•HOW LONG?
yellow journalism
William Randolph Hearst
• “You furnish the pictures, I’ll
furnish the war”
- William Randolph Hearst
(Spanish American War)
- Interpretation: as long as
pictures are taken…Hearst will
write outrageous stories to
support a war between Spain
and the U.S.
De Lome Letter
• Written by a Spanish minister
• Cuban rebel (intercepted) the letter and put
it in the hands of the Americans
• Topics: President McKinley and America were
WEAK!
De Lome apologized, but America got really
angry!
The U.S.S. Maine EXPLODES!!!!
• ***** THE MAIN (Maine) CAUSE OF THE
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) *****
• President McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to
Cuba to bring home American diplomats (Havana
Harbor)
• Feb 15, 1898…the U.S.S. Maine EXPLODED,
killing 260 Americans
U.S.S. Maine Explosion
War Erupts between Spain and
America
• U.S. battle cry for U.S intervention in Cuba
/ against Spain = “Remember the Maine”
Congress declares war and its on!
What caused the Spanish American War
DIRECTLY…INDIRECTLY???
War in the Philippines:
- First battle of the Spanish American War
(Not Cuba, like Spain expected!)
War in the Philippines
• FIRST BATTLE OF THE
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
• Leader: George Dewey
• U.S. gained support by the Filipinos – oppressed by
Spain and wanted freedom!
End of the War in the Philippines:
• Manila: Philippine Capital, Spain surrendered….
Now we need to go to Cuba!
SP War in Pacific
And… back to Cuba…
• ***Rough Riders*** (in Cuba!)
• A volunteer Calvary in the Spanish American War led
by TEDDY ROOSEVELT: Most famous Rough Rider
/ Proved himself…later to become President in 1900 1908
• Rough Riders: landed in Cuba, 1898, Port of
Santiago
• Famous Rough Rider Battles:
Kettle Hill & San Juan Hill
• Result: Spanish surrender!...
SP War in Caribbean
Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris
• August 10, 1898..Spain and America meet
in Paris to discuss an “armistice” = cease
fire agreement!
• Results:
• Cuba = FREE
• Guam = Owned by America
• Philippines = Purchased by America
• Puerto Rico = Owned by America
TREATY OF PARIS (August 12, 1898)
• ENDED the Spanish American War!!!
• Secretary of State JOHN HAY called the
Spanish American War a *** “SPLENDID LITTLE
WAR” ***
- lasted only 16 weeks!
*** Important result of the Spanish American
War = America emerged as a “World
Power!”
•Spanish and American War
was referred to as a
“Splendid Little War”
•Cost of war in terms of
loss of life and money was
minimal
•US became a world power
as a result of this war.
•Gained the following
areas:
•Philippines
•Guam
•Puerto Rico
Cartoon-Sp& US War
FOR EXPANSION
AGAINST EXPANSION
■Keep up with European
nations
■Desire for prestige
■Theory of racial
superiority
■Provide market for
surplus goods and
investments
■America’s vastness
provided enough of an
outlet for the country’s
energies
■America should not
rule over other peoples
Imperialists
•Theodore Roosevelt
•William Mckinley
•William Randolph Hearst
•Joseph Pulitzer
Anti-Imperialist League
•Mark Twain
•Andrew Carnegie
•Susan B. Anthony
US goal was always expansion
Cartoon-USExpansion1