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United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Classical Swine Fever (CSF)
• Host - contagious febrile disease of
pigs
• Agent - Pestivirus
• Spread - ingestion, inhalation, genital
infection, transplacental infection of fetuses
• Clinical signs - fever, purple discoloration
of abdominal skin, necrosis of the tips of
extremities, lack of coordination,
tremors, convulsions, circling, death
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
African Swine Fever (ASF)
• Host - Highly contagious viral disease of pigs
(domestic and feral); replicates in soft ticks
(Ornithodoros spp)
• Agent - Asfivirus
• Spread - Direct and indirect contact, vectors
• Clinical signs - Fever, reddening or darkening
of the skin (particularly ears and snout),
conjunctivitis, labored breathing, coughing,
abortion, weakness, diarrhea, death
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)
• Host - Typically a transient disease of pigs
• Agent - Enterovirus
• Spread - Direct, indirect, fomites
• Clinical signs - Fever, lameness, vesicles
on the snout, feet, mouth, tongue and
teats; young animals are more severely
affected
• Recovery within 1 to 3 weeks; little to no
mortality
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
• Host - Highly contagious viral diseases
primarily cloven-hoofed domestic and
feral animals
• Agent - Apthovirus
• Spread - Direct, aerosol, indirect, fomites
• Clinical signs - Fever, vesicular lesions
and subsequent erosions, drop in milk
production, unthriftiness
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE)
• Host - Cattle, sheep, goats (exotic and
domestic cats), other species
• Agent - Prions (?)
• Spread - Contaminated feed/oral
• Clinical signs - Chronic, afebrile
degenerative affecting CNS resulting
in death
• SRMs-brain, nervous tissue, bone
marrow, spinal cord distal ileum
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
H5N1 (HPAI H5N1)
• Host - Contagious viral disease of poultry
and other birds; also affects humans
• Agent - Influenza virus type A
• Highly pathogenic forms - H groups 5 and 7
• Spread - Direct and indirect contact
• Clinical signs - Sudden death, drop in egg
production, depression, nasal and ocular
discharge, swollen cyanotic of comb/wattles,
nervous signs
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Exotic Newcastle Disease (END)
• Host - Highly contagious viral disease
affecting poultry and other bird species
• Host - Paramyxovirus PMV-1 (Avulavirus)
• Velogenic (viscerotropic and neurotropic)
• Spread - Direct and indirect (aerosol)
• Clinical signs - Sudden death, edema of
head, loss of appetite, coughing, dsypnea,
nervous signs, paralysis, twisted
neck, drop in egg production