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Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates Table of Contents • Phylum Porifera • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Ctenophora • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Arthopoda • Subphylum Chelicerata • Subphylum Crustacea • Subphylum Uniramia •Phylum Echinodermata • Phylum Rotifera • Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Mollusca • Phylum Annelida *martin Back Phylum Porifera (“Pore-bearer” - Sponges) Classes Major Characteristics About the Phylum 1. Asymmetrical 2. Spongin and spicules make up skeleton and lack tissue and organs 3. Osculum, an opening at the top of the sponge gathers food 4. Reproduce both sexually and asexually 5. Sessile 6. Diffusion of oxygen through cells 7. Marine 8. Two germ layers *Crew • Simplest invertebrates • Made up of sponges • Comes from the Latin word “Pore-bearer” *Johnson Back Classes of Porifera Class Calcarea (Calcareous Sponges) Class Demospongiae These sponges live in marine shallow watered habitats. They are very small (usually only a few inches) but they are brightly colored. They are also very rough textured. Their spicules are composed of calcium carbonate. Some fossils of these can be found near the shore of tropical islands but some have been known to be found 4000 ft in the ocean. (Demosponges) *Remsem Class Hexactinellida These sponges can live in both fresh water and ocean water. They bore themselves on rocks and mollusks. They are very small but this class also contains the majority of Sponges. They are a soft yellow color and usually spend there lives in tunnels or shallow waters. (Glass Sponges) *Madl These sponges live in the deep sea and are cup-like and are a pale color. These sponges supply a home for many varieties of shrimp. They are characterized by their siliceous spicules. These are the only sponges that do not have the ability to contract. However, they have electrical impulses that allow them to react quickly to external stimuli. They live anywhere between 200 and 1000 m in the Antarctic. Houseman* Back Phylum Cnidaria (“Stinging cells” - Jellyfish, Corals, etc.) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics They do not impact the economy directly but they do impact fishing industries. Therefore they impact humans in a negative way. About the Phylum • Cells are organized into tissues • Have few simple organs • Aquatic invertebrates *Radar *Aquascope 1. Radially symmetrical 2. Two cell layers 3. Cnidocytes for capturing prey 4. Reproduce sexually and asexually 5. Can be polyps or medusas 6. Live in oceans or freshwater 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Back Classes of Cnidaria Class Anthozoa (Anenomies, Corals, etc) Also known as “flower animals”. They live only as polyps but are brightly colored. They shelter many different kinds of animals. Class Hydrozoa *Crawford Lab* (Portuguese Man Of War, Obelia, etc) Hydrozoas can live as polyps, medusa, or mixed colonies. Some are hermaphrodites and some just have separate genders. They also produce both sexually and asexually. Class Cubozoa (Box Jellies) Known as “Sea Wasps”. They can be found only in Australia and other tropical places and are known for their venom. They are named for their cube-shaped Medusa. Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish) Jellyfish are the main invertebrates of this class. They spend most of their time as medusas and are known as “cup animals”. *Nilsson *Kay Back Phylum Ctenophora (“Comb Holder” - Nonstinging Jellies) Economic Importance Pictures Major Characteristics Species in this phylum affect humans in many ways. First of all, they greatly control the plankton population underwater. They also make beautiful sights for people to look at when they go diving or snorkeling. Finally, they represent an important step in pelagic organic matter transformations. 1. Radially Symmetrical 2. Apical Organ 3. Colloblasts 4. Hermaphrodite, asexually, and sexually About the Phylum 5. • *Messmore More complex than sponges • Live in the Ocean • Includes 100 species Medusa 6. Marine 7. Live in a protective shell until they hatch 8. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues *Anderson Back Pictures of Ctenophora *Taylor *Schories *Schories Back Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics Species in this Phylum have very little economic importance to humans. They can in fact make people sick and die, other than that they’re pretty pointless to us, how sad. About the Phylum • More complex than previous phylums • Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry • Has three classes *PLP 1. Bilateral Symmetry 2. Excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems 3. Live off hosts 4. Asexual, hermaphrodites 5. Free living 6. Inside of a host 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Back Classes of Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda/Monogenea Class Cestoidea (Flukes) The species in these class are parasitic flukes. They are similar to the species in Class Turbellaria in the way they look but are different in the since that instead of living in waters they live inside of a hosts body. (Tapeworms) The species in this class are tapeworms. Tapeworms are sucky things to get in your body because they live in your intestines and feed off of you. They are also very ribbon-like in structure and have little suckers. Class Turbellaria UoA* (Free Living Worms) Most species in this class are dwellers in marine and freshwaters. They live on rocks, sand, and vegetation. They have a thick mucus that covers their entire body and protects them from harm. Gills* *UoA Back Phylum Rotifera Economic Importance (Spiny-headed Worms) Pictures Major Characteristics There really isn’t one, they pretty much just exist. About the Phylum 1. Bilateral symmetry 2. Sensory organs and nerve cells 3. Eats through a single opening • Contain a fluid-filled space 4. sexually • Has a space that holds internal organs 5. Free living 6. Lives inside of a host Also serves as a protective storage area 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues • *Random Sorenson* Back Pictures of Rotifera *Tsukii *Storenson *Tsukii *ELI Back Phylum Nematoda Economic Importance (Roundworms) Once again, there really isn’t one, they pretty much just exist. They also make you sick. Pictures Major Characteristics 1. Bilateral Symmetry 2. Excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems About the Phylum 3. Live off hosts • Contain a fluid-filled space 4. Asexual, hermaphrodites • Has a space that holds internal organs Free living • *Tsukii 5. 6. Also serves as a protective 7. storage area Inside of a host Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Back Pictures of Nematoda *BSC *Apoc *??? *CSIRO Back Phylum Mollusca Economic Importance (“Soft-bodied” - Mollusks) Classes Major Characteristics Oysters and Blue Muscles have an economic importance because they’re good to eat. Also the Zebra Muscle can be a pest. About the Phylum 1. Bilateral System 2. Nervous, Circulatory systems 3. Filter feeding, and fast moving predators • Latin name meaning “Soft” 4. Sexually • Have soft bodies and hard 5. shells Some swim, some are sessile, and some crawl on ocean floors *Filer 6. Oceans 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Back Classes of Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Class Gastropoda (Octopus) (Snails) This class includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes. They are marine animals that specialize in free swimming and predatory existence. They have tentacles with powerful suction cups that allow them to grasp objects and capture prey. The largest and most diverse class of mollusks. This class includes snails, abalones, and conches. These have shells but some animals in this class do not have shells including slugs. *Dafni Class Bivalvia (Muscles) This class includes all aquatic mollusks like clams, oysters, and scallops. They contain a powerful adductor muscle that attaches to valves. This muscle opens and closes the organisms protective shell so it can eat. Conquiliobiologistas * Wikipedia* Back Phylum Annelida Economic Importance (“Little ring” - Earthworms, etc.) Leeches are used in medical labs to help suck bad blood out of people. So they are medically important. Classes Major Characteristics 1. Bilaterally symmetrical 2. Circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems About the Phylum 3. In jest soil as they burrow into it • Term means “Little Rings” 4. Sexually • Means many body segments 5. Locomotion by tails • 6. Dirt Consists of 15,000 different species 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues *Anderson Back Classes of Annelida Class Polychaeta *Gills (Bristle Worm) Class Hirudinea They have antennae and specialized mouthparts, they are free-swimming predators with strong jaws. They live in the dirt on ocean floors. (Leeches) This is the smallest class of Annelids and it contains leeches. They can be found in muddy waters and they attach to you and suck your blood. They have no parapodia or setae *Bakken Class Oligochaeta (Earthworm) These creatures live in the soil and have a few setae on each segment. They lead a burrowing life. They are also good for fishing! *Fankboner *Fauna Back Phylum Arthropoda (“Jointed foot” - Crabs, spiders, insects, etc.) Economic Importance •Chilicerata •Crustacea Insects are important to the economy because they eat crops, spread diseases, and destroy clothing. So they’re pretty much some bad little creatures! •Uniramia Major Characteristics About the Phylum 1. Bilateral symmetry • ¾ of all animals belong to 2. this phylum • A lot of organs like humans such as a gizzard, circulatory system, and nervous system, etc. Can adapt to almost ever environment 3. Use of setae and parapodia • Means “Jointed Foot” 4. Sexually 5. Free living 6. Marine 7. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues and primitive tracheal structures Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Chelicerata (Mites, Scorpions, Sea Spiders, etc.) Classes *Haaramo About the Subphylum • Most of the information for this subphylum is in the classes • Their legs bear claws • Some species are marine, some are land living, some are extinct • Bodies are divided into two main parts • Eyes are covered by a thick cornea • They have compound eyes • They feed on algae and other things • Most are carnivorous *Neartica *Haaramo Back Classes of Chelicerata Class Arachnida (spiders) *Random Have about six pairs of jointed appendages, and pedipalps which help them hold food and chewing. They also have four pairs of walking legs. They mostly live on land. Class Pycnogonida *Wegg (sea spiders) This class contains the “weirdest” looking arthropods. Another name for it is “all legs” which is appropriate because they have small bodies with lots of long legs. They also feed on soft body invertebrates *Yale Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crabs) This class actually contains two different types of marine life forms. One of which is now extinct and has been extinct for 200 to 500 million years. Now there are only 5 species that live in this class. Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Crustacea (Lobsters, Crabs, Barnacles, etc.) Pictures *Museum About the Subphylum • Contains approximately 40,000 species. • Abundant in oceans, lakes, rivers, and a few species are found on legs • Some are sessile and some move by walking on legs, swimming, or drifting through currents Some species of this subphylum are very important plankton • Water fleas and barnacles are also in this subphylum • Some exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen through their skeleton some respire with gills • • They have two pairs of appendages. One on their head served as a feeler. • The embryo is a free swimming larva called a nauplius. *Museum *Museum *Museum Back Pictures of Crustacea *Corporation *Museum *Janetzky Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Uniramia (Centipedes, insects, etc.) Classes *Random3 *Random3 About the Subphylum • Classes of this subphylum are usually called myriapods. • Make up the most common and diverse classes of arthropods. • Includes insects, millipedes, centipedes, and their relatives • They have exoskeletons and jointed appendages • Their heads include antennas and mandibles • They also have two pairs of maxillae • Their sexes are separate but reproduction varies • • Their legs only have one branch Subphylum only includes “true” arthropods *Random2 Back Classes of Uniramia Class Chilopoda (centipedes) They can have anywhere between 15 and 175 pairs of legs. They live in tropical regions. They are quick moving and search for prey like earthworms and other insects. *Fankboner Class Diplopoda *Mitchell (millipedes) Move slowly through humus and soil, have two pairs of legs on each body segment except the last two. Have poor vision and a good sense of smell. When threatened they coil up. Class Insecta (insects) They are moist, live in many different regions. Composed of entirely of insects with over 29 different orders. They are the most successful life forms on the planet with their ability to adapt to almost anything, anywhere. *Museum2 Orders •1 •2 •3 Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Thysanura (Firebrats) Contains over 2400 different species, They have chewing mouth parts. They feed on paste in wallpaper and starch in book bindings and labels. Order Ephemeroptera *BMW *Ojibway (Mayflies) Order Odonata (Dragonflies) *Mitchell Contains 1,500 species. They have membranous wings, and nonfunctioning mouthparts as adults. Contains 20,000 species. They destroy harmful insects, and serve as food for a lot of freshwater fish. Order Isoptera Order Orthopera (Termites) (Crickets) Contains 2000 species, at times they have two pairs of membranous wings, and chewing mouthparts. Contains 30,000 species. They have two pairs of straight wings and chewing mouthparts. They damage crops, garden plants, and stored foods *Ento *PCA Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Anoplura Order Dermaptera (Lice) (Earwigs) *Iowa Contains 1000 different species. They have an incomplete metamorphosis. They also have two pairs of wings, biting mouthparts, and pincer like appendages. Over 2400 species, they have an incomplete metamorphosis. They are wingless with piercing, sucking mouthparts. They transmit diseases. *TatorTots Order Neuroptera (dobsonfly) *West Order Hemiptera (True Bugs) Contains 2,000 species. They have two pairs of wings during part of their life and damage crops and garden plants. *Virginia Contains 4,600 species. They destroy harmful insects. Larvae serve as food for freshwater fish. Order Homoptera (aphids) Contains 20,000 species and some species are wingless. They have membranous wings held like roof over body. *WTB Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Lepidoptera *Mitchell Order Coleoptera (Weevils) Over 500,000 different species. Has forewings, membranous hind wings, and chewing mouthparts. (Butterflies) They have a complete metamorphosis. They pollination flowers, larvae and pupae produce silk. Order Diptera *North (Gnats) Order Hymenoptera Contains 80,000 species. Has a complete metamorphosis. Carry diseases and act as decomposers Also, they destroy crops. (Bees) *Cunningham Contains 90,000 species. Has biting, sucking, or lapping mouthparts. Many have constriction between thorax and abdomen. Some species are social like bees. Pollinates flowers and makes honey. They also destroy harmful insects. Order Siphonaptera (Fleas) Contains 1,200 species. Wingless and has sucking mouthparts as an adult, when a larvae it has chewing mouthparts. Parasitize birds and mammals and carry diseases. *BBK LogUK* Back Phylum Echinodermata (“Spiny skin” - Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Etc.) Classes About the Phylum • Major Characteristics Contains invertebrates from shallow coastal waters to ocean trenches more than 10,000 ft deep • Often brilliantly colored • Vary in diameter from 1cm to 1m 1. Radially Symmetrical 2. Water-vascular system (tube feet) 3. Take in food & internally digest it 4. Sexually 5. Sessile 6. Marine 7. Develop from bilaterally symmetrical larvae 8. Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Economic Importance Sea Stars are important because they eat oysters, and other things that humans use for food. *Cincotta Back Classes of Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Class Echinoidea (Sea Lilies, Feather Stars) (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars) These organisms are “lily-like”. They are sessile as adults, living on rocks or the bottom of the sea as long stalks. They use cilia to eat. These organisms are “spine like”. They live on sea bottoms and are well adapted to it. Sea Dollars also live on the sea coasts. Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) Most of the organisms in this class are armless and have ossicles that make up their skeleton. They are found in the ocean and use tentacles to eat and clean itself. *UCMP *Jonnson Class Ophiuroidia (Basket Stars, Brittle Stars) Over 2000 species of basket and brittle stars make up this class. They mostly live on the ocean floor and rake food in their mouth to eat. Zubi* Class Asteroidea *HCCMS (Sea Stars) Sea Stars live in the coastal waters and are many different beautiful colors. *TSJIG