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Organ Systems of the Body Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 0 Definitions and Concepts • Organ—a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone • Organ system—a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 1 Definitions and Concepts • A knowledge of individual organs and how they are organized into groups makes more meaningful the understanding of how a particular organ system functions as a whole Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 2 Organ Systems • Integumentary system Structure—organs Skin Hair Nails Sense receptors Sweat glands Oil glands Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 3 Organ Systems Functions Protection Regulation of body temperature Synthesis of chemicals Sense organ Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 4 Organ Systems • Skeletal system Structure Bones Joints Functions Support Movement (with joints and muscles) Storage of minerals Blood cell formation Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 5 Organ Systems • Muscular system Structure Muscles o Voluntary or striated o Involuntary or smooth o Cardiac Functions Movement Maintenance of body posture Production of heat Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 6 Organ Systems • Nervous system Structure Brain Spinal cord Nerves Sense organs Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 7 Organ Systems Function Communication Integration Control Recognition of sensory stimuli System functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types Impulses are fast acting short duration Rapid precise control of body functions Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 8 Organ Systems • Endocrine system Structure Pituitary gland Pineal gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus gland Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries (female) Testes (male) Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 9 Organ Systems Functions Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood Same as nervous system— communication, integration, and control Control is slow and of long duration Examples of hormone regulation o Growth o Metabolism o Reproduction o Fluid and electrolyte balance Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 10 Organ Systems • Cardiovascular (Circulatory) system Structure Heart Blood vessels Functions Transportation (O2 and CO2) Regulation of body temperature Immunity (body defense) Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 11 Organ Systems • Lymphatic system Structure Tonsils Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Thymus Spleen Functions Transportation Immunity (body defense) Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 12 Organ Systems • Respiratory system Structure Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 13 Organ Systems Functions Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs Area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli Filtration of irritants from inspired air Regulation of acid-base balance Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 14 Organ Systems • Digestive system Structure Primary organs o Mouth o Pharynx o Esophagus o Stomach o Small intestine o Large intestine o Rectum o Anal canal Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 15 Organ Systems Accessory organs o o o o o o o Teeth Salivary glands Tongue Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Appendix Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 16 Organ Systems Functions Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food Absorption of nutrients Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces Appendix is a structural but not a functional part of digestive system Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 17 Organ Systems • Urinary system Structure Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 18 Organ Systems Functions “Cleaning” or clearing blood of waste products—waste product excreted from body is called urine Electrolyte balance Water balance Acid-base balance In male, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 19 Organ Systems • Reproductive system Structure Male o Gonads—testes o Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra o Accessory gland—prostate o Supporting structures— genitalia (penis and scrotum) Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 20 Organ Systems Female o Gonads—ovaries o Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina o Supporting structures— genitalia (vulva), mammary glands (breasts) Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 21 Organ Systems Functions Survival of genes Production of sex cells Development and birth of offspring Nourishment of offspring Production of sex hormones Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 22 Any Questions? Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Slide 23